الفهرس 
INRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Environmental pollution became one of the major
problems facing public health as various types of human
activities produce large amounts of wastes. Soil, air and water
have traditionally been used as sites for disposal of all wastes
leading to their contamination. Due to rapid increase in
population, Egypt is expanding its agricultural land inspite of
limitation of water sources, which require reuse of drainage
water for irrigation. Reusing of drainage water without suitable
treatment may cause adverse effects on soil, crop, animal, and
human health. One of the most polluted drains in Egypt, that
used unofficially for irrigation is Bahr El-Bakar drain, Bahr El-
Bakar drain system is anoxic over its entire length, it carry a
mixture of different discharges including sewage, agriculture and
industrial ones, it contains many types of pollutants. the greatest
threats arise from heavy metals especially lead and cadmium, as
well as different types of pathogens. Despite of these facts this
water was used for the irrigation of lands and drinking of
animals as in Bahr El-Bakar region where Bahr El-Bakar drain
and its tributaries were passed . Though drinking contaminated
water and eating contaminated herbage for long period
negatively affect animal health performance and the farmers had
suffered seriously from this problem, which has caused major
economic losses.
Lead and cadmium are the two most abundant toxic
metals in the environment. The eo exposure to these two toxic
metals has synergistic cytotoxicity leading to hematological,
pathological and biochemical alterations in exposed animals.