الفهرس 
Etiology and risk factors of Congenital Heart DiseaseOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in 0.5-0.8% of live births, and it remains the leading cause of death in children with congenital malformations (Bernstein, 2011). RV dysfunction has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with CHD, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure (Voekel et aI., 2006; Matthews et aI., 2008). Commonly used methods for calculating diameters, areas, and volumes of the LV are difficult to implement for the RV and are typically not performed. Because of the complex morphology of the right ventricle, no single echocardiographic view or imaging plane will provide enough information to adequately evaluate RV structure and function (Horton et aI., 2009).