الفهرس 
The Spermatogenic cells and SpermatozoaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Mammalian sperm DNA is at least six fold more condensed than the
DNA in somatic cells to protect the genetic integrity of sperm during
its passage through male and female reproductive tracts. Thus a
completely different type of DNA packaging must be present in
mammalian sperm nuclei.
· Human spermatozoa in which the chromatin is not completely
condensed failed to fertilize, even after their injection directly into the
ovum. So, it is of great importance to evaluate the chromatin status
when testing the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa.
· The majority of laboratory tests can’t assess the man’s total fertility as
many of these tests suffer from intra-observer variations and low
numbers of spermatozoa analyzed.
· These difficulties nowadays are approached through the development
of computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) that analyzes motion,
morphometry and concentration. Furthermore, flow cytometry is a
simple rapid procedure that quantities DNA content and chromatin
condensation for all cells present in human semen.
· The present study was aimed to compare between image cytometry,
computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry
(FCM). These methods are used to identify different spermatogenic
cells. They can evaluate the chromatin structure in the ejaculated
semen. This may be of value to predict the outcome of assisted
reproductive techniques (ART) as intra uterine insemination (IUI), invitro
fertilization (IVF) and intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
· The study involved 60 cases classified into three groups: 10 normally
fertile men who were used as a control group, 41 infertile men with
abnormal spermatozoa ranging from 40-60 % and 9 infertile men with
abnormal spermatozoa more than 60 %.
· The significant parameters in the results of the infertility groups were
observed in head area, head perimeter, ejaculate volume, sperm
motility, linear sperm velocity, abnormal morphology percentage and
chromatin condensation percentage.
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· Flow cytometric analysis revealed significant differences concerning
chromatin condensation and decondensation percentage in the sperms
of the infertile groups.
· Determination of chromatin condensation and decondensation
percentage in the nuclei of spermatozoa obtained from infertile men is
very important in the process of assissment of infertile capacity.
· The use of a specific histology stain as Propedium Iodide could be
considered as a new simple method of staining to evaluate the
integrity of chromatin of the sperm nuclei.
· The presence of spermatogenic cells in semen could be used to give
an idea about how the testicle is currently functioning and predict the
outcome of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with oligo-spermia. So
the use of image cytometry, CASA and flow cytometry for this task
could be of help.