الفهرس 
Introduction And Aim Of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
he problem of lower ureteral calculi is a common one since very long time in our locality
There are many treatment options for lower ureteric stones including conservative treatment,. URS, laparoscopy and open surgery.
Borh ESWL and URS are effective and less invasive treatment modalities for treatment ofl
We included 187 patients in this study who harbored lower ureteric stones of variable stone ers.Variable adult age groups of both sexes were included in this study.
Patients excluded from this study were those with any contraindication to ESWL or URS ’ng those who have coagulation defects, urinary tract infection untill treatment of the ’on, patients who refused either modality of treatment and female in the child bearing period or t female from the ESWL treatment.
For every patient meticulous history taking, clinical examination and investigations in the of urine analysis, abdominal ultrasound, KUB films, lVU and laboratory investigations were
For all patients, clinical, operative and postoperative data were recorded and interpreted.