الفهرس 
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Abstract
The quick development on coputer and sensor is the big reason for the structural change in photogrammetry.
The quick development in computer science, electronics and computer design is big reason for the the structural change in photogrammetry, the digital centry is coming soon, so the transition from analytical to digital system is nowtaking place. The transition from analogue to analytical photogrammetry took place since 1960.The traditional analogue stereo plotter have been abandoned in the scene as they are not manufacutured any more and the analytical plotter is now governs the scene.The change-over from analogue to analytical photogrammetry did not result in new principals,but,just in evolutionary improvements of the productivity and accuracy of photogrammetric process. Digital photogrammety is a real revolution helps to change to full automation. Agreat change happend in handling the input, operating system. The change leads to just supervising only and following a scheduled instructions comfortably using either polarized glasses or on system based on the principle of mirror stereoscope etc.,ysing digital image processing techniques, which helps also for the emprovement of the input quality for human visual interpretation(brightness and contrast)
The availability of digital images either directly from satellite, digital cameras or from scanning the traditional photographs, take us also to processing of pixel arrays in adigital environment results a dramatic change of tools, procedures products and workflow.
In this research, all these steps were using a digital photogrammetric work station to produce a topographic map from stereo aerial photograph, then by using analogue and analytical instrumens two topographic maps were produced with the same scale.
In this thesis,we tried to use the modern techniques practically in order to know the actual role of this techniques with comparison to what they say the abandoned techniques which which will gonern the scene. The three techniques were used to produce,three topographic maps having the same scale. Also a ground control points were created using the static GPStechnique for of the models used in this thesis.