الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted at the Quail Research and Production Unit,
Environmental Studies and Research Institute (ESRI), Menufyia University, El Sadat
Branch, Menufyia province, Egypt
The present work was conducted to evaluate distillers dried grains with soluble
(DDGs) as source of protein in quail diets under desert environmental conditions.The
main objective of the study is studying the effect of increasing DDGS levels in quail
diets either with or without enzyme on growth performance, nutrients digestibility,
carcass characteristics and economical efficiency.The tested material, golden color
DDGs was purchased from Cairo poultry company, Giza, Egypt. The enzyme
preparation namely zylam, had been obtained from El Wadii for poultry
company,Egypt.
In the study, 600 one-day old Japanese quail were randomly distributed into 8
treatments, with 24 replicates and 25 birds each in completely randomized design. Four
levels of DDGs being 0, 10, 15 and 20% as replacement for soybean meal and yellow
corn and two levels of commercial enzyme preparation were used in 2x4 factorial
arrangements of treatments.
Quail birds were kept in cleaned and disinfected floor hens in an open-system
house under similar conditions of management. Water and feed in mash from were
offered ad-libitum during experimental period from 1 to 42 days of age.Accordingly, 8
treatments were used in this experiment as follows:
T1: containing 0% DDGS without enzyme (control).
T2: containing 0%DDGs with enzyme.
T3: containing 10%DDGS without enzyme.
T4: containing 10%DDGS with enzyme.
T5: containing 15% DDGS without enzyme.
T6: containing 15%DDGS with enzyme.
T7: containing 20% DDGS without enzyme.
T8: containing 20% DDGS with enzyme.
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Four basal diets (about 24%CP and 2900 Kcal ME/K diet) were formulated for feeding
the experimental quails. Diets were offered to quails during the period from (1-42) days
of age, while data were recorded during three periods being 1-14d, 15-28d, 29-42d as
well as for the overall period(1-42d) of growth.
The results obtained could be summarized as follow.
1. Compared to soybean meal, DDGS has higher content of crude fiber, ether extract,
ash and nitrogen free extract and lower crude protein.The values obtained were 8.50
vs.5.00% 8.40 vs.1.20%, 6.02 vs 5.50 %, 39.1 vs 32.30% and 27.70 vs 44.00% for
CF,EE,ash,NFE and CP for DDGS and soybean meal, respectively.Compared to yellow
corn, DDGS has higher content of CP,EE,CF and ash lower value of nitrogen free
extract.The values recorded were 27.70 vs 8.5,8.4 vs 3.8, 8.5 vs 2.2 ,6.02 vs 1.60 and
39.10 vs 72.90 % for CP,EE,CF,ash and NFE for DDGS vs yellow corn, respectively.
2. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of DDGS was 2610 Kcal/kg being higher
than that of soybean meal (2240 Kcal/kg), and lower than the corresponding value of
yellow corn (3350 kcal/kg).
3. Quails fed 10% and 20% dietary DDGs recorded the highest digestibility values of
EE while groups fed 15% dietary DDGS showed an opposite trend.No significant
differences were observed among other digestibility values of CF, CP, NFE, and OM as
affected by the interaction between DDGs and enzyme supplementation.However, the
results showed that group fed 20% dietary DDGs with enzyme supplementation (T8)
detected improvements in EE digestibility.
4. During (1-14days), results indicated that there were significant improvements in the
average values of feed intake (FI). However, there were no significant improvements in
LBW, LBWG and FCR due to enzyme supplementation.The groups fed 10% and 15 %
DDGs of the diet recorded an improvement in the average values of LBW,
LBWG.However, feed intake was higher with group of quail fed 15% DDGS as
copared to other groups.But, the best FCR value had been obtained by quails fed 10%
DDGS.
Regarding the interaction, the best value of LBW and FCR had been obtained by quails
fed diet with 10% DDGs with enzymes supplementation.
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5. During (15-28days), The results recorded that quail groups fed 15% and 20% dietary
DDGs recorded the best performance values ( LBWG,FI and FCR) compared with
control groups (0% dietary DDGS ) which were the worst one.Significant differences
due to the interaction between DDGS and enzymes supplementation were observed for
LBW, LBWG, FI and FCR values. Birds fed 15% dietary DDGS without enzyme
supplementation had recorded higher LBW and LBWG while, the lowest were obtained
by those fed 0% dietary DDGS (control) without enzyme supplementation.
Moreover, the quail group fed 20% dietary DDGS with enzyme supplementation
achieved, the best FI and FCR values.
6. During (29-42days), the best value of LBW was recorded by those quails fed diets
with enzyme supplementation, compared to quails fed diets without enzyme
supplementation which recorded the worse value of LBW.The results indicated that
group fed 15% dietary DDGs recorded the best live body weight LBW and FCR values,
while the control group (0% dietary DDGs) recorded the worse values.Regarding the
DDGS by enzyme interaction,quail groups fed 20% dietary DDGs with enzymes
supplementation (T8) had higher values of LBW;LBWG and FI than those fed diet free
of DDGS.Moreover,the werse FCR had been obtained by quails fed 20% DDGS
without enzyme supplementation.while, the best FCR value were recorded by those
having either 15 or 20% DDGS with enzyme supplementation.
7. During the overall period (1-42days), the results of enzymes supplementation effect
showed that there were significant, improvements on LBW, LBWG, FI and FCR due to
enzyme supplementation.Results showed also that quail groups fed 15% dietary DDGs
recorded the best values of LBW,LBWG,FI and FCR while, control groups
(0%DDGs)significantly(p<0.05) recorded the worse ones.Besides, the quail group fed
diet containing 20% DDGS with enzyme supplementation had recorded the best finding
of LBW and FCR.
8. Enzymes supplementation and their effects on carcass characteristics, showed no
significant differences among groups.The same trend had been observed due to DDGS
level, except for carcass weight.The quail birds fed 20% dietary DDGS without enzyme
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supplementation had recorded the highest values of carcass and thigh percentage
compared to other experimental groups.
9. Blood plasma parameters didn’t affected by adding enzyme or not to experimental
diets, expet, for A/G ratio.Also, there were significant differences among experimental
treatments in plasma albumin, A/G ratio, total cholesterol; phosphorus and antioxidant
capacity.The birds fed 20% dietary DDGS without enzyme supplementation, had
recorded the highest values of globulin and albumin and lowest value of A/G ratio.
Increasing dietary DDGs level up to 20% without or with enzyme addition decreased
both of total cholesterol and blood plasma urea compared to control group.
10. There was no mortality during different experimental periods due to adding
enzymes to the diets or not.Experimental quail groups fed 20% dietary DDGs recorded
the higher mortality rate than control (0.0%) and other experimental groups during the
period from 29-42 days of age.However,no significant differences effect on mortality
rate was observed among the interaction effect during the different experimental
periods.
11. from the economical efficiency of view, results indicated that dietary DDGS with
enzyme supplementation tend to increase the net revenue by increasing dietary DDGs
up to 20% of the diet, representing about 34.5% of soybean meal (SBM) as source of
protein or about 29 %of yellow corn as source of energy for growing quails.
In conclusion, dietary DDGS can be successfully fed at levels up to 20% of the diet
(about 35% as replacement for soybean meal or 29% of yellow corn in Japanese quail
diets) without adverse effect on their performance, nutrient digestibility , and
economical efficiency. Besides, supplementing such diets with a commercial enzyme
could be useful under desert environmental conditions.