الفهرس 
Chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The routine use of peripheral nerve blocks and wound infiltration with
long-acting local anesthetics as an adjuvant to local, regional and
general anesthetic techniques can improve postoperative pain
management after a wide variety of surgical procedures. multimodal
analgesia which is achieved by combining different analgesics that act
by different mechanisms and at different sites in the nervous system,
resulting in additive or synergistic analgesia with lowered adverse
effects of sole administration of individual analgesics,is needed for
acute postoperative pain management due to adverse effects of opioid
analgesics, which can impede recovery; yet, the literature on
multimodal analgesia often shows variable degrees of success, even
with studies utilizing the same adjuvant medication.
Key word: physiology of pain- pharmacological analgesia- regional
anesthesia- orthopedic surgery.