الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study was carried out at pigeon lofts in Benha,
Qalubia and the lab of cytogenetics, Genetic Department and the
central lab of the Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Zagazig
University during four seasons; 1998/1999, 1999/2000,
2000/200I and 2001/2002.
The aim of study was to know the genetic behavior of
some economic characteristics in different strains of pigeon
(Columba livia.f domestica) in addition to study the correlation
between the studied characteristics. Moreover, evaluation of the
total DNA in the parents and resulted F)’s from the crossing
between these parents.
Six local strains of pigeon were used in this study; Koska,
Romani, Halabi, Zagel, King and Crezla. These strains belong
three groups.:Fancy pigeon (Koshka and Halabi), Racing pigeon
(Zagel and Crezla) and Utility pigeon (Romani and King).
Hybridization was occurred between these six local
strains and 14 FI crosses were obtained and only one cross was
failed because the great variability in body size between the two
strains (Koshka and King). 10 pairs of each FI cross were
released for brother-sister mating to obtain the F2 populations.
The main characteristics under study were classified into
two main categories: morphological and quantitative
characteristics. The morphological characteristics were beak.
length, }>h of the second wing feather, eye color and numbes
of eggs.{feryear. The quantitative characteristics were number of
hatching eggs per year, number of squabs per year, weight of
squabs one-month age and weight of adults six-month age.
The results were obtained in the following manner:-
a. The estimated means for the beak length of the studied
strains shows the short beak (1.75 em) in Koshka while the long
beak in halabi (3.06). ln Fl crosses, it ranged from 1.95 cm
(HaJabi x Koshka) to 3.33 ern (ZageI X King). Meanwhile in F2
generations, it ranged from 1.67 em in Halaby X Koshka to 3.18
cm in King X Romani.
b. The length of the second wing feather was varied from
short feather in Koshka (16.55 em) to long feather in halabi
(27.02 ern). In the Fl crosses, it ranged from 17.81 cm in Zagel
X-King to 22.87 cm in Koshka X Romani. Meanwhile, in F2
pepslations, it ranged from 17.20 em in Zagel X Koshka to
22J7 em in King X Romani.
c. The observed means for the degrees of eye color of the
studied strains revealed that great variability in such
characteristic. It was found that 0.00 degree for Koshka and 7.43
degree for Zagel. Concerning the studied crosses, it ranged from
1.41 ill King X Romani and Zagel X Halabi to 8.31 in Zagel X
KDsJIKa.Moreover, in F2 populations, it ranged from 1.00 degree
in:IIalabi X Crezla to 9.00 degrees in Zagel X Koshka.
d, The number of e:gg times per year differ from strain to
omer-as it was 4.00 clutches for Romani and it reach 7.72
clutdres for Koshka. In the Fl crosses, it varied from 5.42 in
King X Romani to 8.45 in Zagel X Koshka. Meanwhile, in F2
populations, it ranged from 6.00 times in Romani X Halabi to
8.00 times in Crezla X Zagel.
e. The estimated means showed that the number of hatching
eggs per year differ from strain to other as it was 7.00 for
Romani while it reach 15.19 for Koshka. In case of the studied
crosses, it showed great variability as it ranged from 9.90 in
King X Romani to 16.61 in Zagel X Koshka. Concerning the F2
populations, it ranged from 10.42 in the cross; King X Romani to
14.86 in cross; Crezla X Zagel.
f. The numbers of squabs per year differ in fancy strains to
Racing strains or utility strains as it ranged from 8.06 for
Koshka, to 14.78 for Zagel. In the studied crosses, it ranged from
9.07 in King X Romani to 14.87 in Crezla X Zagel. For the F2
populations, it varied from 9.49 in Romani X Crezla to 14.92 in
Crezla X Zagel.
g. The weight of squabs at one month age differ from strain to
other as it increased in utility pigeons (949.95 gm for Romani)
~hile in fancy strains (373.73 gm for Koshka) and intermediate
for Zagel (494.82 gm). In Fl crosses, it ranged from 363.13 gm
in Halabi X Koshka to 693.94 gm in Zagel X king. In F2
pQpulations, it ranged from 348.40 gm in Halabi X Koshka to
678.91 gm in Zagel X King.
h. The weight of adults at six-month differ from strain to other
as it reache-d in utility pigeons (974.07 gm for King). Meanwhile,
it showed reduction in weight in fancy (455.44 gm for Koshka)
and,(473.23 gm inHalabi). In racing, intermediate weight found
in Zagel (570.17 gm) and in Crezla (519.00 gm). Concerning the
Fl crosses, it ranged from 417.37 gm in Halabi X Koshka to
767.15 gm in Zagel X King. In case of F2 populations, it ranged
from 434.13 gm in Halabi X Zagel to 647.17 gm King X Crezla.
Heterosis:
1. Concerning the beak length characteristic, the best value
was found in Halabi X Koshka for mid-parent heterosis and
also in better parent heterosis.
2. In the case of length of the second wing feather, the best
value was detected in Koshka Romani for mid-parent heterosis
and also in better parent heterosis.
3. For the eye color, the best value was found in Halabi X
Koshka (704.84 %) and in Koshka X Halabi (362.90 %) for
mid-parent heterosis while in Halabi X Koshka (300.005 %)
and in Koshka X Halabi (131.00 %), in better parent heterosis.
4. In case of number of clutches (egg times) per year, the
best values were recorded in Zage1 X Koshka (11.65 %) for the
mid-parent heterosis and (17.00 %) better-parent heterosis.
5. Concerning number of hatching eggs per year, the best
values was found in Halabi X King (27.96 %) for the midparent
heterosis and (18.07 %) better-parent heterosis.
6. In the case of the number of squabs per year the best value
was found in Koshka X Romani (64.33 %) for the mid-parent
heterosis and (44.25 %) for better-parent heterosis.
7. For weight of squabs after one month, the best value was
detected in Crezla X Zagel (19.18 %) for the mid-parent
heterosis and (04.60 %) for better-parent heterosis in only one
cross; Halabi X Crezla.