الفهرس 
Effects of air and soil cover sleeves and pruning on soil, air temperature and an environmentalOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLASTIC SHEET COVERINGS AND PRUNING TIMES ON IMPROVING BUD BURST, QUALITY AND YIELD OF TABLE GRAPE ”CV. SUPERIOR”
This study was carried out during two successive seasons at 2007 and 2008 on five years old ”Superior” grape cultivar in a private vineyard at Mohamed Metwaly EL-Shaarawy village, El-Noubarya city, Behaira Governorate, Egypt. The vines are grown in sandy soil with spacing of 2m within rows and 3 m between rows under drip irrigation system and trained to cane pruning under baron trellis system.
The main factor was the three pruning times (1st December (P1), 15th December (P15) and 30th December (P30)) carried during dormant season to ten canes per vine with 12 nodes per cane. Four renewal spurs (2 nodes) were retained per vine, while the sub main factor was four mulching treatments with sheet cover sleeves (air white plastic (WSCT), air yellow plastic (YSCT), soil white plastic (WSCS) and soil yellow plastic (YSCS)). The control is the field (no mulch with pruning 20th December). The experiment included 3X4 treatments of pruning time and mulching, which were applied in a split plot design, replicated in four blocks.
Air and soil mulch application were applied 25 days after pruning time in all treatments in both seasons. Removal mulching was either all-at-once or in two stages to allow for vine acclimation. All removal was before harvest 15 d, in the all treatments. All soil sleeves were constructed of 75 cm wide, length the row, white and yellow polyethylene plastic. All air sleeves covered vegetative growth.
The following treatments were applied:
1- Pruning in 1st Dec. + White Sheet Cover Trees (P1WSCT).
2- Pruning in 15th Dec. + White Sheet Cover Trees (P15WSCT).
3- Pruning in 30th Dec. + White Sheet Cover Trees (P30WSCT).
4- Pruning in 1 st Dec. + Yellow Sheet Cover Trees (P1YSCT).
5- Pruning in 15 th Dec. + Yellow Sheet Cover Trees (P15YSCT).
6- Pruning in 30 th Dec. + Yellow Sheet Cover Trees (P30YSCT).
7- Pruning in 1 st Dec. + White Sheet Cover Soil (P1WSCS).
8- Pruning in 15 th Dec. + White Sheet Cover Soil (P15WSCS).
9- Pruning in 30 th Dec. + White Sheet Cover Soil (P30WSCS).
10- Pruning in 1 st Dec. + Yellow Sheet Cover Soil (P1YSCS).
11- Pruning in 15 th Dec. + Yellow Sheet Cover Soil (P15YSCS).
12- Pruning in 30 th Dec. + Yellow Sheet Cover Soil (P30YSCS).
13- Control (Field Treatment).
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of different air and soil plastic sheet coverings and pruning times on:
1- Temperatures monitoring.
2- Vegetative and flowering bud burst.
3- Some vegetative parameters.
4- Yield components of table grape ’’ cv. Superior ’’.
5- Physical and chemical components of berries.
The results can be summarized as follow:
1. The treatment (YSCT) increased mean of max. air temperatures by 7°C, followed by the (WSCT) treatment which increased by 5.5°C, also the treatment (YSCT) increased mean of min. temperatures by 1.8°C followed by the (WSCT) treatment which increased by 1.2°C. Mean of mean temperature was increased 4.4°C by the treatment (YSCT) and 3.4°C by the treatment (WSCT).
2. Mean of max. soil temperature increased 2°C by the treatment (YSCS) 2°C and 1.6°C by the (WSCS) treatment, also 1.1°C, 0.7°C, 1.5°C and 1.2°C by the treatments (YSCS) and (WSCS) for mean of min. and mean of mean soil temperatures respectively.
3. The (P1YSCT) and (P1WSCT) treatments advanced vegetative bud burst by 20 days but the (P30YSCS) and (P30WSCS) treatments delayed it (11 days) as compared with control treatment.
4. The (P1YSCT) and (P1WSCT) treatments advanced flower bud burst by 21 days but the treatments (P30YSCS) and (P30WSCS) delayed it (10 days) as compared with control treatment.
5. The (P30WSCS) and (P30YSCS) treatments gave the highest bud burst percentage and number of bud burst compared with control treatment during the two seasons, but the (P1YSCT) treatment gave the lowest value during 2007 and 2008 seasons compared with control treatment.
6. The lowest bud fertility was obtained with the treatments [(P1YSCT) and (P1WSCT)] during both seasons, but the highest values were obtained with the control, (P30YSCS) and (P30WSCS) treatments in both seasons.
7. All treatments reduced the time of harvesting especially (P1WSCT) and (P1YSCT) which advanced the time of harvesting by 22 days except the treatments (P30WSCS) and (P30YSCS) which delayed it by 7 days compared with control.
8. All treatments significantly increased leaf area especially the (P30YSCS) treatment which gave the highest value compared by control treatment which gave the lowest value.
9. The (P30YSCS) and (P30WSCS) treatments gave the highest yield (kg/vine) in the first and second seasons compared with control treatment. Also the treatments (P1YSCS), (P1WSCS), (P1YSCT) and (P1WSCT) gave the lowest value of yield as compared with control.
10. All treatments significantly decreased number of berries /cluster in both seasons except the treatments (P1YSCS), (P1WSCS), (P15YSCS), (P15WSCS) and control as compared witrh other treatments.
11. All treatments significantly increase cluster weight during the two seasons compared with control which gave the lowest value. In the second season the (P1WSCS) and (P1YSCS) treatments was similar with control treatment.
12. The increasing of cluster length and decreasing of berries number in the treatments (P1YSCT), (P1WSCT), (P15YSCT), (P15WSCT), (P30YSCT) and (P30WSCT) may be caused of significantly decrease cluster compactness as compared with control treatment. Furthermore, increasing of cluster compactness significantly under the treatments (P1YSCS), (P1WSCS), (P15YSCS), (P15WSCS), (P30YSCS), (P30WSCS) and the control caused by decreasing of cluster length and increasing of berries number compared with all treatment.
13. The treatments (P1YSCT), (P1WSCT), (P15YSCT), (P15WSCT), (P30YSCT) and (P30WSCT) affect of T.S.S % in the two seasons, as for the (P15YSCS) and (P15WSCS) treatments did not affect of T.S.S % in both seasons, also the treatments (P30YSCS) and (P30WSCS) decreased T.S.S % in both seasons.
14. The treatments (P30WSCS) and (P30YSCS) significantly increase fruit juice acidity percentages as compared with control during both seasons. Moreover, significantly decrease with the treatments (P1YSCT), (P1WSCT), (P1YSCS) and (P1WSCS) as compared with control during the two seasons.
15. Accumulation highly temperatures by (P1YSCT), (P1WSCT), (P15YSCT), (P15WSCT), (P30YSCT) and (P30WSCT) caused of increasing total sugars during both seasons compared with control treatment, but the treatments (P1YSCS), (P1WSCS), (P15YSCS), (P15WSCS), (P30YSCS) and (P30WSCS) did not affect compared with control treatment.