الفهرس 
Anatomical ConsiderationsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Polyp is a descriptive and nonspecific term, the specific diagnosis of a polyp is made by histopathologic examination. Polyps may be classified as neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Neoplastic polyps encompass epithelial tumors such as adenomas, polypoid adenocarcinomas, and carcinoid tumors, as well as nonepithelial lesions such as lipomas, leiomyomas, and lymphomatous polyps. Non-neoplastic polyps include hamartomas, hyperplastic polyps, and inflammatory polyps. Colorectal polyps may be further classified on the basis of clinical information as sporadic or hereditary.
The adenoma, a benign neoplasm of the epithelium, is the most common and most important colorectal polyp. Adenomas may be single or multiple, sporadic or hereditary. Adenomas are dysplastic and premalignant. Most adenocarcinomas arise from adenomas, and the removal of adenomas has been shown to be effective in decreasing the incidence of colorectal cancer.
Most people will be of average risk and require screening for colorectal cancer and polyps beginning at age 50. However, a substantial number of people are at increased risk because of an inherited predisposition to the disease and need screening or treatment as early as puberty. Different screening methods are available which are; fecal occult blood testing, flexible sigmoidoscopy, Air contrast barium enema and colonoscopy.
Colonoscopy is the only screening technique that allows the detection and removal of premalignant lesions throughout the colon and rectum, and is the final common pathway for any positive screening test. When an adenoma is found, every effort should be made to do a complete colonoscopy to the cecum because of the high rate of synchronous neoplasms in patients with adenomas and adenocarcinomas.
The majority of colorectal polyps are treated by endoscopic snare polypectomy. Almost all polyps can be safely endoscopically removed, but if the polyp appears to be malignant, snare polypectomy may not be possible, and is generally inadvisable. Some large polyps may not be amenable to polypectomy and are treated by colon resection; in these instances, a conventional oncologic resection should be done.