الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nutrition is ”the process of giving and receiving nourishment”, which is of a great biological relevance during childhood. Children are not simply small adults and have their special requirements. These requirements should be covered carefully with respect to their disease state especially critical illness to avoid malnutrition which is proved to be a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The critical illness is defined as ”a life threatening illness to which the body responds by a group of metabolic changes to face the new higher and more urgent requirements”. The metabolic response to stress occur via group of hormonal changes that affect both macro and micronutrient metabolism aiming at covering the new more important requirements like conservation of energy toward vital organs, and a delay in anabolism. If these new requirements not covered wisely, the body will rely on the metabolic breakdown and transfer of protein, carbohydrates, and lipids to meet the catabolic demands of critical illness and so increased morbidity and mortality. Nutrition screening, assessment and intervention are key components of nutrition care. Nutrition screening has been defined as ”a process to identify an individual who is malnourished or who is at risk for malnutrition to determine if a detailed nutrition assessment is indicated”.