الفهرس 
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Abstract
Citric acid is one of the major products obtained as a microbial metabolite, first discovered by Wehmer (1893). Before that time, this product was obtained from citrus fruits.
The first commercially successful venture in microbial citric acid production by the use of Asperpillus niger was that built in New York in 1923. Since that time, production of citric acid proved to be one of the main fermentation industries.
Citric acid is the najor food acid used in the preparation of soft drinks, syrups, desserts, jams, jellies, wines, candy, preserved fruits, frozen fruits and vegetabte juices. Citric acid is also used in gelatin food products and artificial flavors of dry compounded materials such as soft drink tables and powders. In pharmacy citrates are used in blood transfusion and the free acid is used in effervescent products. Citric acid is widely used in cosmetics, electroplating, copper ploting, metal cleaning, rust and scale removing; leather tanning; printing; bottle washing compounds; reactivation of old oil wells; inks,
floor cements; linoleum; silvering compounds; algicide fromulations and dyeing of fabrics.