الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present Delta region as shown in figure (1.1) has been built by
continuous discharge of large quantities of sediment to the Mediterranean
Sea during the Nile flood period.
The sediment was brought by the different old Nile branches, which
ended by the two main branches, Rosetta and Damietta.
The old maps showed that before the beginning of the 20 th century,
the general trend of the Nile Delta coast was to grow up forming Rosetta
promontory which located on the western side of the Nile Delta coast,
about 60km to east of Alexandria city.
Rosetta promontory pro graded into the Mediterranean, by about
3.5km, during the nineteenth century due to the large quantities of
sediments and water brought by Rosetta branch during the flood seasons.
This trend was reversed at the beginning of the zo” century due to
the decrease of sediments reaching the sea and which were totally trapped
in the upstream of the high Aswan Dam 1964 ( Fanos et al., 1996) .