الفهرس 
History of Upgrading and Viscosity Reducing ofOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The production of heavy crude oil is increasing in the coming
years due to short fall of conventional light crude oil. The reserve
of heavy crude oil in Egyptian fields is estimated by 3000 million
barrels, and 80% of this reserve is located in the General Petroleum
Company (GPC).
The productivity of such crude is subjected to many technical
and operational obstructions and problems either for its relative
mobility inside the reservoir rock or up to the surface and its
handling operations and treatment. Such problems contribute to
reduction of the recovery factor from its original oil in place and
also a reduction of its production rates in appreciable volumes. The
applicable recent technology for such reservoirs has proved the
possibility of enhancement and maximizing the oil recovery of this
heavy and viscous crude oil and large improvement of its
productivity due to improvement of its characters and also
overcoming the handling and treatment and shipping problems to a
large extent.
In this study we could reduce the viscosity for heavy crude
oil which we produce form reservoirs by reducing the molecular
weight ,sulfur content ,density and resin in addition to enhance the
composition hydrocarbon and API gravity.
By Ionic Liquid which reacts with some metals we could
enhance physical properties for Egyptian heavy crude oil
We synthesized Iron Zero valent as nanoparticles to enhance
activity of Ionic Liquid by reducing the viscosity