الفهرس 
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Abstract
Patients with liver disease are often anemic (Boivin et al.., 1961). Anaemia has also been reported in patients with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis (Salah, 1940; Awny, 1944, El Dewi et al., 1957; Ata, 1959; lily, 1962; Ahmed , 1973 and El—Ralawani, 1978. The authors described this anaemia as normocytic normochrom ic or hypechiomic microcytic. -
The normocytic normochromic anaemia was attrib—• uted to the fact that the spleen might exert an inhibi—
• tory effect on the release of cells from the bone marrow and unchecked by the diseased liver, it would produce cytopenia (Kinawi and Gadel Mawla, 1958).
Exaggerated splenic red—cell sequestration was reproted by Abdel Razzak et al. (1967) and was attributed to an increase in the functional activity of splenic cells.
Mahmoud and Woodruff (1972) suggested that this anaemia is , at least in part, of immunological origin and they thought that an auto—immune process
might be possible.
The hypochromic microcytic anaemia was explained to be due to Bleeding from piles or oesophageal varices (El—Dewi et al. 1957).
* Disturbed liverfunctions with associated disturbed transferrin ,kinetics (El—Shobaki at al. 1974).
* The possible role of disturbed haemostasis (E1—Sajfj, 1964 and Helal, 1987).
Macrocytic anaemia was reported to occur late’ in the course of bilharzial hepatic fibrosis (Rodriguez molina and Pone, 1936; Elwan, 1972 and Ahmed, 1973).
The above studies of anaemias in bilharzial hepatic fibrosis were performed on the R.B.Cs. morphology in the peripheral blood and/or the bone marrow picture. The peripheral blood or’ bone marrow picture may mask the actual state of deficiency because of the multifac— tonal aetiology of anaemia in liver disease0 and the decisive diagnosis depends upon estimation of serum folate, iron and hapt0globin.
In this context, the aim of the present work is
* To study the relative frequency of the different types of anaemia in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, whether pure or mixed, based on morphological, bone marrow and biochemical parameters.