الفهرس 
المقدمةيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Body and movement are sources of each connection with the self and communitY, where play will continue to be the personal and natural method of juniors learning; and continuing other education means to achieve the social goals, and educational objectives; In this sense we must pay attention to how juniors play beside offering them all educative experiences in order to satisfy their needs and to stimulate their motivations and desires of different pre-games. This is achieved through many different fields in: physical education
lesson - athletic training - camps - travel - binges).
Ibrahim Magdy Saleh (1985), Indicates that football games are characterized by abundance and diversity of the basic skills where the junior deals with a playing tool to play using all parts of the body. They are played with foot in general and with the head and the legs in particular(5:1).
Hanafy Mahmoud Mokhtar (2008), mentions that football brings pleasure, happiness and fun to its practitioners. This is attributed to its more technical skills, freedom of running and maneuvers, the way that makes them like and practice it at anywhere whenever possible(28:10).
Suad EI-Sayed Ibrahim (1986), agreeS with Wheddon & Reyonolds that playing preliminary competitions leads to the improvement of basic skills,
defense, and motor skills for the big games(36:7).
Both Zozo Hamid (1999), and Botros Rizkallah (1994), agree that the introduction of preliminary games is one methods of teaching big games and through it the learner acquires skills in a faster and more interesting way. These games are an element of competition since competition is an important factor of mastering playing and achieving a high level of efficiency
{(21:7),(35:174)}.
Both Amr Abu El-magd and Jamal Ismail AlnemakY (2001), indicate that the pre-games are clearly diverse concerning kinetic learning since it requires learning a lot original and sub-positions. It also works make the junior acquires a lot of kinetic skills like musk, bowling, running and jumping, and contribute to the upgrade compatibility neuromuscular and absorptive capacity of kinetic development and characteristics of agility and speed of response
and flexibility(45: 19 - 20).
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Ellen Wadi (2007), mentions that games categorization according to its difficulty are divided into three types: small games, pre-games and team games. She adds that games are one of the main factors that is required by any physical education program. She indicates the importance of using games in preparing the junior in terms developing the kinetic skills which are better than individual exercise in having excitement and competition. Pre-games are an advanced level of 1:he small games that are basic movements in their basic forms to kinetic skills. It prepares the individual for teams games such as basketball, volleyball, handball, football...etc(6:24 / 26 - 27).
The researcher agrees with the above mentioned that pre-games seek to achieve many educational objectives because of their different positions when used. When being practiced, junior acquires kinetic and skillful abilities. suitably to cope with growth stages and individual characteristics(6:24/26-27).
Internationally, Modern age. witnesses a tremendous development in the sport of football. That can be witnessed in the World Championships and the Olympics, whether at the level of junior, youth, international players
(adults - first class - juniors). This led to the need to focus on sector of juniors
and young people in the Egyptian clubs.
Lots of Egyptian researchers conducted many studies and researches in the field of football contributing in raising and developing the game. However, these studies and researches do not talk about to the stage of
juniors which is considered the core for preparing players for teams in the future.
Throughout his field experience in the field of football and throughout observation, the researcher noticed that many educational programs which are carried out inside clubs, schools and football academies, which are widespread nowadays, do not have pre-games. Some trainers may use pre-games but not objectively.
Throughout some interviews by the researcher with some trainers who deal with juniors and when being asked about pre-games and their importance, it was clear that there is a kind of mixing between small and pre-games to some trainers which refers to the lack of available information available about pre-games as well as weakness in rationing such games inside both educational or training programs.
Concerning this issue, Emad Mohamed Teamah (2005), mentions that pre-games are considered a good tool to teach juniors the basic skills at the beginning level as they are skills development. This happens through merging excitement, competitions and the use of kinetic skills (44:4).
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Rasha Abd El-Rahman Wall (2007), says that all games aim to acquire juniors who are involved sports activities the useful social abilities and skills whether in sports or public life. Such games develop the junior’s ability to socially interact such as cooperation, helping the others and self-denial
(32:4).
Throughout the referential survey of the researcher for some scientific researches of this area, number of researches and studies that were generally in pre-games, have been shown. Concerning the field of football, the researcher found just only a few studies about this topic and concerns juniors such as both studies of Ashraf Fikry Rageh (1997), and Emad Mohamed Teaema (2005). To the knowledge of the researcher, he did not find any study concerning juniors’ stage in the field of football but the study of Ahmed Abd El-Azeem Abd Allah (2003),(2009).
In this sense, the researcher conducted this research in an attempt to detect the impact of pre-games on the performance of some basic skills and kinetic abilities and their relationship with psycho-socio adjustment of football
juniors.
Research Objectives:
The research aims to identify the effect of an educational program by using the pre-games on the level of some basic skills and kinetic abilities performance and their relationship with the psycho-socio adjustment of football juniors throughout identifying:
the effect of the educational program, by using Leading up Games, on
the basic skills of football juniors.
the effect of the educational program, by using Leading up Games, on
the kinetic abifities of football juniors.
the study of the relationship between the educational program, by
using Leading up Games, and the psycho-socio adjustment of football juniors
Hypotheses:
- There are statistical differences between pre and post measurements of both the controlling and experimental groups for some basic skills of football juniors. Such differences are in favor of the experimental group
in the post measurements.
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There are statistical differences between pre and post measurements of both the controlling and experimental groups for some kinetic abilities of football juniors. Such differences are in favor of the experimental group in the post measurements.
There is a positive correlation between the educational program, by using Leading up Games, and the psycho-socio adjustment of football juniors
Research Procedures: Methodology:
The researcher has used the experimental method as it is relevant to the study nature and objects by designing two groups: experimental and controlling groups for the pre and posts measurements for both groups.
Research Community and Sample:
Research community consists of the juniors of the EGYPTIAN TEAM Academy for the basics and techniques of football for the season 2010/2011 in Mansoura city at the Olympic Village Stadium in Mansoura University where the number of juniors ranges from age 8 to 10. At this stage there are 68 junior and sample was selected intentionally and the program has been applied on 50 juniors with a rate of’ 73.52 % of the total research community. The sample was divided into two equal groups including 50 in each:
Tools of Collecting Data:
The researcher depended in collecting data related to this research on a set of tools. They are as follow:
Studying references, researches, Arabic scientific periodicals that are specialized in that topic and the internet.
- Studying documents.
Examining the juniors’ records; of EGYPTIAN TEAM Academy. Making surveys for experts.
Making a card for the psycho-socio adjustment for football juniors by researcher — Appendix (6).
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- Establishing pre-games program for football juniors by the researcher — Appendix (7).
- Skills test — Appendix (8).
- Kinetic tests — Appendix (9).
Program of the Leading up Games under Consideration:
Pre-games seek to achieve many of the educational objectives because of their different and variable positions when being used. When being practiced, juniors acquire kinetic, cognitive and skillful abilities suitably with their growth and individual differences among them (6: 395).
General Object of the Program:
Teaching basic skills and kinetic abilities, and developing the psycho-socio adjustment of the football juniors.
Program Content:
The program Includes learning units that contribute in learning some basic skills and kinetic abifities for football juniors that represented in: running with the ball - kicking the ball with soles - receiving the ball with soles - hitting the ball with the head while standing - throw the ball while standing as well as developing the psycho-socio adjustment of the football juniors through the following eight dimensions: personal skills — intrinsic value — self-reliance - emotional control (control emotions) - fitness in dealing with others and social participation — leadership ability - family relations — school relations.
Determining the Psycho-socio Adjustment:
Based on the referential survey that has been conducted by the researcher, psycho- socio adjustment has been identified as follow:
Dimensions of the psycho-socio adjustment card were shown to a number of experts in the field of psychology and sports psychology to prepare the final version of the dimensions of this card — Appendix (3).
- Then, phrases that put under each dimension were identified separately — Appendix (4).
Card total mark has been identified depending on Likert Trio Scale that says Yes = 3 marks - Sometimes = two marks - No = one marks), then
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calculate the total marks of the card. So total marks are: maximum
marks = (33 X 3) = 99 marks / minimum marks = (33 X 1) = 33 marks - Appendix (5).
The scientific processes of the psycho-socio adjustment card have been found by using factorial analysis — Appendix (6).
Program Components:
A program for the experirnental group under consideration has been set up including (36) educational in (12) weeks.
Educational units consist of three main parts.
Program Timing
The research experiment has been applied from Friday 01/10/2010 to Monday 20/12/2010 during the season 2010 / 2011 including three units a week on Fridays, Saturdays and Mondays.
Daily unit lasts for 60 minutes.
Research Application:
-Pre Measurement: kinetic and skillful tests and the psycho-socio
adjustment card were applied on both Monday and Tuesday 27/28 — 9 - 2010.
Applying the suggested program for the pre-games on the experimental group — Appendix (7).
-Post Measurement: kinetic and skillful tests and the psycho-socio
adjustment card were applied on both Friday and Saturday, 24/25 — 12 - 2010.
Collecting, classifying, scheduling, and processing data statistically. Statistical Processes Plan:
Statistical analysis plan included:
- Arithmetic mean.
- Standard deviation.
- Percentage.
- Repetitions.
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- Factorial Analysis: by using orthogonal rotation by basic contents of Hotling throughout cumulus Scree test of Cattle
- Pearson correlation coefficient.
- Calculation of significant differences between the mean of pre and post testS
to the variables of research ”T” T Test. - The rate of improvement
Change Rate = Pre measurement— postmeasurement
x 100cYo
pre measurement
The results have been rounded to two decimal places, and were based on the results to the level of statistical significance level of 0.05 {48).
Conclusions and Recommendations:
In light of the objectives of the research, sample, procedures, and findings, the researcher found out the following:
Research Conclusions:
- The proposed program has improved the basic skills and kinetic abilities and developed the psycho-socio adjustment of football juniors under
consideration.
Recommendations:
In light of the results of research, the researcher recommends the following:
- Apply the psycho-socio adjustment card — prepared by the researcher — on the clubs, youth centers, academies and schools of football, and on who deals with and teaches juniors to determine the extent of the
junior’s adjustment with himself and the societY.
In the light of this card, juniors’ marks can provide us information about the psycho-socio adjustment of football juniors.
Providing schools and clubs with pre-games program - prepared by the researcher.
Using pre-game program under consideration in teaching and learning programs of football skills.
Providing scientific publication & periodicals about juniors and the most important characteristics that should be followed in dealing with them
by football instructors and trainers.
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- When carrying out educational units, whether educational and training,
football trainers must do it in a series way and follow gradation method in teaching these skills.
Holding training courses for football instructors and trainers about the importance of pre-games especially for juniors and young adults beside recognizing the difference between pre-games and small games.
Preparing instructors and trainers who are able to deal with this age stage through scientific method to allow juniors to enhance their talent. Pre-games program should be applied in other games.