الفهرس 
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Abstract
A survey on the surgical affections which affected calves at Kaliobia Governorate during the period from September, 1985 to November, 1987 was conducted.
Along the present investigation a total number of 3916 buffalo and cattle calves; native or imported breeds were all examined. These were examined at different Governomental and military farms as well as many solitary cases at different centers of the province.
The plan of the submitted research included, in addition to the recording of the cases,histories,and clinical symptoms. Furtherm-ore, diagnostic measures involved bacteriological, histopathological and haematological investigations were all conducted especially when seen indicated. Eventually, the incidences of the met with affections were recorded.
Many pathological lesions which necessitated surgical
interferences were met with throughout this study.
The findings revealed the existence of many congenital as well as numerous acquired affections.
A total of 789 calves (= 20.1%) of the examined animals
were seen affected. The incidence of the congenital anomalies was 8.9% whereas that of the acquired affections was 91.9%. Of the congenital, ocular anomalies recorded, dermoids, persistent pupillary membrane,heterochromia iridis, microptha-lmia and cataract. Moreover, double tongue, cleft palate, prognathism, polygnothism, congenital umbilical hernia, pervi-ous urachus, supernumerary teats, contracted tendons and congenital hydroarthrosis were also recorded.
Despite of the successful surgical correction of many of the above-mentioned anomalies and trials to correct others, yet the author had recommended discarding subjects with these anomalies from breeding.
On the other hand, the acquired affections recorded were many eye affections as subconjunctival abscesses, conjunct-ivitis keratitis or both together, corneal abscesses and panophthalmia.
Moreover, other various affections as presternal bursi-tis, umbilical hernias, navel infections, arthritis and polyarthritis and skin lesions were also recorded. Further-more,many sporadic cases of otitis media, evulsed horn, hydroa-rthrosis, pre-carpal bursitis and claw affections were also met with and recorded.
Miscellaneous affections as many varities of wounds, abscesses and fractures were also seen and recorded.