الفهرس 
Anatomy of skin and subcutaneous fat of the BreastOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MR imaging has emerged as a useful tool in different clinical scenarios. Structural and functional anatomy of breast parenchyma and any focal breast findings can be assessed using breast MR imaging, which also has the benefit of being a multiplanar study. It is important to integrate structural anatomy with functional anatomy in the interpretation of breast MR imaging and to interpret breast MR imaging in the clinical context of the patient, as well as in conjunction with other breast imaging modalities such as mammography and ultrasonography.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging is a powerful tool in assessing the breast, and a firm understanding of the normal anatomy of the breast provides a foundation on which to detect pathology. The “normal anatomy of the breast” actually encompasses a wide range of normal, both within large patient populations and for an individual patient whose “normal breast anatomy” may vary monthly and across her lifetime. Looking forward, the information breast MR imaging provides about this “normal” anatomy may also be useful in risk assessment and in obtaining imaging biomarkers of functional breast physiology.
A wide variety of disease entities may affect the skin and superficial tissues of the breast. At breast MR imaging, these lesions are often encountered incidentally or in association with other breast disease. Although in many cases these lesions may be overlooked or ignored, radiologists may be the first to raise suspicion for more worri¬some skin disease on the basis of MR imaging findings.
We suggest a careful approach to the assessment of the skin and superficial breast tis¬sue at MR imaging and propose an algorithm for image interpretation that applies to both benign and malignant diseases. Careful analysis of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced images may supplement information obtained with mam¬mography and US, and can assist radiologists in diagnosing these lesions. In many cases, however, further investigation with clinical and pathologic correlation is necessary for lesion evaluation.