الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tilapias are a major protein source in many developing countries.
Althoughendemic to Africa, their distribution has been widened by introductions
into many tropical and subtropical regions including south East Asia, Japan,
AsiaticRussia, India, East Europe, United States and Latin America (Pullin and
McConnell, 1982). Tilapias are among the most widely cultured fishes in the
world, second only to carp (Bardach et al., 1972) (table 1) Tilapia culture has
been practiced since the begining of the recorded history. Ancient Egyptians
raised tilapia in ponds for human consumption more than 2500 years ago
(Bardachet al., 1972). Tilapias are an excellent candidate for aquaculture due to
their:
1- Fast growth,
2- Tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions (temperatures,
salinities .... etc) ,
3- Resistance to stress and disease (Lovell, 1980; Jauncey and Ross, 1982),
4- Ablility to reproduce in captivity and having short generation time (Pullin
and McConnell, 1982) and,
5- Feeding on low trophic levels and acceptance of artifical feeds
immediately after yolk-sac absorption (El-Sayed and Teshima, 1992).
In spite of the above mentioned characters, little information is available
on the rearing and husbandry of many tilapia species, and more work is needed
on their nutrients requirements.