الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was designed to monitor the ovarian status
during the prenatal and postnatal life on which the reproductive
pattern of buffaloes could be expected.
The present work was carried out on a total 236 foetuses of
different developmental stages, 116 female buffalo genitalia of
different ages and 40 female buffaloes examined clinically. Smples
were taken for foetuses and genitalia from buffaloes slaughtered in
C~tiro and Benha abattoirs. Age of the foetuses was determined using
the 0,V.R.L. equation. Immediately after slaughtering and eva~icer—
ation, tile anatomical and morphological parameters of tile ovaries
were recorded as follows: position, shape, ovarian measurements
(length, breadth, thickness & size) and weight. thta obtained were
tabulated and statistically analysed. Histological and histochemical
studies were made on embryos, as a whole, and ovaries of the prenatal
foetuses and the postnatal slaughtered females.
~om the present study, the following results were obtained:
A- During tile prental life
1- The ovarian separation from the kidneys became more apparent and
the two ovaries were observed in the pelvic position at about
175 — 181 days intrauterine;
2- The ovarian shape appeared spherical, elliptical to spindle and
ovoid to oval at about 56, 96 and 175—181 days intrauterine,respt.
ectively. The ovarian size increased with the advancement of the
foetal age to range from 0.156پ}0.013 cni3upto 74 days to
2,735÷0.061 cm3 upto 299 days. Highly significant (P <0.01) differences in the ovarian size were observed between the right
and left ovaries throughout the developmental stages;
3- The ovarian weight varied from O.226پ}0~oo4g upto 74 days to
l.O56+Q.036g upto 299 days. Highly significant (P <0.01) diffe
rences were also observed between the right and left ovaries
during the whole foetal life;
4- About 70 vesicular follicles on each ovary were firstly observed
in foetuses at about 280 days and increased in number till the
full term;
5- from the histological findings, the primordia of the gonads were
distinct (33 days)~ sexual differentiation occurred (38 days);
the gonads became larger in size and gonadal cells wefl differen
tiated into three types of cells (39—47 days); excessive mitoic
figures and ovigerous cords were observed (56—76 days); the
ovaries were identified into two zones, an outer cortex and an
inner medulla (83—92 days); the primary follicles firstly obser
ved (105 days); the cortex increased in thickness following the
increase in number of follicles4~As—positive substances were
observed in primordial, primary follicles and connective tissue
stroma, in addition to alcianophilic substances in the tunioa
albuginea and around the blood vessels (153—182 days); tubular
structures were noticed and an increase in the reactivity to
neutral and acid mucopolysacoharides was shown (186—209 days);
the growing follicles were firstly observed (231 days); some dege
nerative changes in the follicles and karyolysis of the nucleus
took place (245—281 days) and these degenerative changes were
continued till parturition. B— During the postnatla life
Position of the ovaries was observed intrapelvic early postnatal
and in mature buffaloes; in pleuriparous animals they were palpat
on the pelvic brim.
2— The ovarian shape and size differed in relation to age of the
animal and ovarian activities. They appeared ovoid or nearly oval
oval and cord—like in young,mature and aged buffaloes,respectjvejj
The size increased from 1.099}0.062 cm3in young to 6.612+0,256 cm)
in ages upto 10 years, but decreased to 4.055÷0.069 cm3in ages
over 10 years; highly significant (p <0.01) increase in the size
of the right ovary when compared to that of the left one;
3— The ovarian weight also increased with the advancement of the age
to vary from l.3O7~Q.015g in young to 6.333i-0.237g in ages upto 1
years, but decreased to 3.84l+0.047g in ages over 10 years; non
significant increase was noticed in weight of the right ovary
when compared to that of the left one;
4— Vesicular follicles were observed on the surface of the ovqries
in young; ~raafian follicle and/cr corpus luteurn were palpated
in mature and no structures could be ‘palpated in aged buffaloes.
The Graffian follicle early palpated at 11 monthes;
from the histological findings, numerous primary follicles in
the cortex and some smooth muscle cells arranged singly or in
small bundles in the medulla were observed (5 days after birth);
some Graafiar. follicles and positive reactions against PAS in
ovarian follicles and connective tissue and alcianophilic substancd
in follicular fluid and connective tissue were demonstrated (21—65
days); there was an increase in number of ovarian follicles and intensity to PAS and .&lcian blue reactions in addition to the presence of well developed corpus luteum in mature buffaloes; numerous atretic follicles and corpora albicans in the cortex, some lymphocytic infiltrations in the parenchyma and medulla in addition to a decrease in the reactivity to PAS and Alcian blue
were demonstrated in ovaries of aged buffaloes.