الفهرس 
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Abstract
A common example of one of the thousands of chemicals used
in our new high-tech foods is the Monosodium glutamate (MSG).
MSG is the sodium salt of the non-essential amino acid glutamic
acid, one of the most abundant amino acid found in nature.
Glutamate is thus found in a wide variety of foods, and in its free
form has been shown to have a flavour enhancing effect. Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees
from many plant sources. Historically it has been used for various
purposes, especially as a medicine. Flavonoids and phenolics are the
major complementary compounds of propolis. Flavonoids are
thought to be responsible for many of its biological and
pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory
and antioxidant effects. Several studies have dealt with the use of different substances
especially antioxidants to overcome MSG toxicity. Yet nearly none
have used Propolis thus initiating the goal of the current
investigation.
The present study aimed to investigate the protective and
therapeutic effect of propolis against MSG toxic effects on some
biological aspects of kidney rat. Accordingly, male albino rats weighing 57-57 g. were used
to study the histological and some histochemical changes including
mucopolysaccharides and total proteins in kidney tissues. In addition,
biochemical analysis of kidney function parameters were studied,
including urea, creatinine, Na
+
, K
+
activities, lipid profile
(cholesterol., TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL), total proteins, albumin in
the blood sera, MDA, GSH and electrophoresis in kidney tissue. The
rats were divided into five groups each containing 01 rats (normal
controls, propolis, MSG, protective and therapeutic group). Rats
received MSG orally in a dose 0g/kg. b. w. for 8 weeks (MSG
group), while propolis was induced orally in a daily dose of 011
mg/kg. b. w. alone (Propolis group), before MSG (protective) or
after MSG (therapeutic) for the same period. All groups of animals
were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. The results of the present study in MSG group revealedincrease in mean body weight, absolute and relative kidney weight.Histopathological studies displayed deleterious alterations in kidneytissues where MSG causes inflammatory reactions, loss ofcharacteristic normal configuration, intertubular haemorrahage,
degenerative changes, vacuolization, and necrosis in the kidneytissues. Histochemical studies revealed a decrease in carbohydrateand total protein content in kidney tissue. A significant increase inurea, creatinine, Na
+
, cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL and MDAactivities and decrease in K
+
, total proteins, albumin and GSH wasrecorded. In electrophoretic study, there was an increase in fractions0 and 0 and a decrease in fractions 3, 4 and 7. Propolis extract in the
protective group showed significant preservation in histopathological
and histochemical configuration and significant improvement in the
activity of all biochemical parameters. Propolis extract in thecurative group was found to be less effective in restoring MSGinduced histopathological and histochemical alterations and lesseffective in restoring MSG induced biochemical and electrophoreticalteration.