الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Congenital scoliosis is lateral deviation of the spine because of failure of spine formation, segmentation or both ; this leads to hazardous effects on the growth and balance of the spine and thorax. Treatment of congenital scoliosis is mainly surgical , there are two main categories of surgery : fusion surgery and fusionless surgery. Because of its negative effect on the growth of spine and thorax and the space available for the lung ; fusion surgery should not be used early in the very young patients. In the young patients fusionless surgery is preferd where curves are controled by rods that are periodically lengthened . There are many types of growing rods as : Single and dual growing rods and Vertical Expandible Prosthetic Titanium Rib(VEPTR). To avoid frequent surgeries for lengthening self growing rods as modern Loque trolley and Shilla technique have been invented , also , in Magnetically controled growing rods (MCGR) lengthening occurs in the outpatient clinic. Fusion surgery still have a role in older patients with more complex and rigid deformities.