الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total number of 137 Friesian calves , their ages ranged from 1 to 6 months were included in the present study. The calves were belonged to New valley Province especially the following places :
1 - Animal production station in El-Sherka Village . 2 - City Council station for animal production in El-Thawra Village .
3 - Central station in El-Gazaer Village .
4 - Some private cases at New Valley Province .
Animals were classified according to their reproductive status into 67 males and 70 females . All animals were subjected for careful clinical and laboratory methods of examination to ensure their healthy status . According to the results of examination , animals are classified into : -
1- Clinically healthy group , which included 52 calves .
2- Group two , which suffered from digestive troubles
especially enteritis, which included 44 calves .
3- Group three, which suffered from respiratory affections and it included 41 calves .
The most important clinical signs in examined calves can be summarized as the following :-
1-Alimentary or digestive disturbances .
Animals showed loss of weight , anorexia with thirst and animals have desire to drink more and more water, rough hair coat with fluctuating body temperature with soft faeces were evident. Sunked eye with congestion of mucous membranes were also recorded .
2-Respiratory disorders or affections :
Cough is the most important clinical signs initially it was harsh and dry but later on , it changed into moist , soft and could be easily induced. Bilateral nasal discharge with elevation of body temperature were evident . Severely affected calves showed respiratory embarrassment and abnormal
auscultation and percussion sounds Anorexia was evident in diseased calves .
Biochemical analysis of blood serum in examined calves showing the following results : -
1-Highly significant elevation (P <0.01) in blood serum iron and total iron binding capacity (T. I. B. C.) in males than females either in 1-2 months or 2-4 months or 4-6 months .
2-There is non significant variation between males and females in blood serum copper level except age 4-6 months showed significant decrease in males if compared with those at age 1-2 months .
3-Highly significant decrease in blood serum iron and total binding capacity (T. I. B. C. ) in Friesian calves suffered from digestive or respiratory trouble.
4-Highly significant elevation in blood serum copper in Friesian calves suffered from alimentary or respiratory disorders if compared with the healthy ones.
from the preceded studies , it can concluded that trace element especially iron , total iron binding capacity (T. I. B. C.) and copper levels are very important for Friesian calves especially in neonatal period . It should be realized at this point that trace elements interfere with each other function. On the other hand , the level of elements in soil and water affect on their levels in the animal’s body. The most important diseases which affecting Friesian calves at neonatal period from birth to 6 month old were alimentary and respiratory disorders so leading to great loss in animals industry .Also inspite of the elevation of soil of New Valley in iron content, there is also a significant decrease in their level in the studied diseased calves, so it must be put in mind during the course of treatment of such troubles by adding of such essential trace elements with treatment of the real cause.