الفهرس 
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Abstract
1- Coprologic examination of 600 animal pets (dogs & cats) &
comniensal rats in Menofia governorate for giardia, revealed that the infectious rate was 21.11%, 11.67% & 17.78% in dogs, cats & rats respectively.
2-Zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation technique could detect only 5 8.4% of animals showing positive direct fecal smear; the latter is a sensitive, field & quick test.
3- Stool examination of 600 humans of different age & sex, all over
Menofia governorate centers for giardial detection. The infectious rate in the governorate was 24.67% & both sexes were equally infected.
4- Highest infectious rate was in El-Shohada Center, followed by Birket El-Sabaa & Quesna “equal”, then El-Sadat, Tala, El-Bagour, Ashmon, Shebein El-Koom & the lowest rate in Menof. Some centers showed increased rate in females than males.
5- Infectious rate was high in infants (34%), followed by pre-school
children (29%), then basic education children (2 1%) & lastly in
adolescents & adults (19% & 11% respectively) in the governorate.
6- The ratio between recovered trophozoites & cysts in examined human stool was 1: 7.22. Indicating that feces may contain only cysts, but the more fragile trophozoites may be present in diarrheic specimens.
7-Monthly infectious rate of human giardiasis in Menofia revealed that the highest rate was in August, followed by July, then June &
November, October, September; the moderate infectious rate in May, December & April; the lowest in March, January & February.
8- The seasonal infectious rate denoted that the summer season was the highest, followed by Autumn, then spring & the lowest in winter. Infectious rate of human giardiasis in Menofia in hot period of the year (June, July, August, September, October &Novemher) was 35% & in cold & moderate period (other six months) 12%, with 24.67% infectious rate during the year.
9-River Nile water in Birket E[-Sabaa was capable of infecting giardia &ee laboratory rats with giardiasis with a percentage 100%, as well as Quesna municipal underground tap water infecting these rats with a percentage 50%, in addition examined Quesna city tap water by improvised gauze filter method detected giardia in a percentage 13.33%. This results proved that the surface & tap water are contaminated with giardial cysts.
10- Laboratory rats proved to be infected after ingestion of surface
water, eliminated giardial cysts intermittently every third & second
day.
11- Scheme for prevention & control of giardiasis in Menofia, Egypt in suggested.