الفهرس 
مقدمهيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The yellow corn considers as one of the very important crops in Egyptian Planting. Currently, agriculture worldwide goes to the direction of getting the biological fuel from different agriculture crops, especially from yellow corn which caused raise on its prices in the international market. Since Arab Republic of Egypt imports the majority of its needs from the yellow corn by 4 Million Ton valued to 500 Million US Dollars annually, out of which 2.5 million ton is used in chicken production and 1.5 million ton is used for animal forage. Ministry Of Agriculture (MOA) has paid a great attention, at the beginning of current century, to encourage planting of yellow corn, since we need a crop planting area of 1318.2 thousands acre (Feddan) to overcome this shortage at the time of estimating the crop planted area for year 2009 by 350 thousands acre only.
The Objective of the study is to know the market paths for yellow corn in new lands, this is due to the importance of planting yellow corn in new lands which represent 27% of planted area by yellow corn in the country, as well as expanding the planted area in new lands and reclaimed land specially on the Off Season planting, which will lead of covering the gap between Egyptian imports and exports of yellow corn, and performing an applied study to achieve this goal, minimizing the gap between imports and exports, it will help us also to know the different type of difficulties facing the crop under study. The study also aiming to analyzing and measuring the markets paths to yellow corn and its reflection and effects on marketing qualification by measuring the ideas and thoughts from sample of farmers. Secondary data of production, planted areas and prices has been used from different resources published and unpublished, while the primary data has been collected by using village 6,village 1, Elrakahh village, Elsalam village ,Elnaggah village, Elta7ady village, Elbasrah village, Elhorria village and other 4 villages in Alexandria in Summer Season they are: Sedi Massoud, Elnahda, Elmarkazia and Elzohor . A questionnaire also has been collected from 8 villages in Nubaria in the Off Season village 15, village 7, 4th Bozor Elhoria Nabil Elwakkad, Abdel alam Aref, el Nazer, Elzafer and other 2 villages in Alex in the Off Season, they are Sedi Massoud and El Ola has been selected from 6 centers they are banger El Soukar, Nubaria West, South Tahree, El Nahda, El Amria, Borg El Arab. The study had depended on selection of random sample of farmers how plant yellow corn, number of farmers comes to 295 farmer distributed as 187 farmers in Summer Season and 108 farmer in the Off Season. Some statistical analyses methods has been used like simple regression, multiple regression, Stepwise regression and hypothesis test.
The study consists of 4 chapters: First chapter contains two sections; 1st section speaks about references and previous studies for markets paths of yellow corn in new lands while 2nd section has two parts, 1st part speaks about the theoretical overview of yellow corn and its specification, usage, full description and different types; it also speaks about planting yellow corn and its needs as well as the elements and food component of yellow corn seeds. 2nd part containing research methodology for agricultural marketing i.e. market definition, marketing qualifications, marketing margin as well as way in Agricultural Marketing research.
2nd Chapter consists of 2 sections; 1st section speaks about production of yellow corn internationally by studying the developing of planted area of seeds for the period 1995-2009, which shows a general direction of increasing the planted area of yellow corn, where the average of annual increase comes to 1.43% for the period 2005-2009. The statistical significant for increasing the planted area of seeds which comes to 688.18 hectar was not confirmed. Study of developing the planted area by yellow corn in the period 1995-2005 has been implemented, whereas the general direction of increasing the planted area by yellow corn, the annual increase comes to 0.95% from yellow corn worldwide, that has valued by 144.23 Million Hectar. The study of international developing of seeds production in the period 1995-2205 has been implemented that shows the general direction of increasing the international seeds production, annual increasing comes to 36.64 Million Ton annually from seeds, worldwide, valued to be 2046.8 Million Ton. We studied the improving of international production of yellow corn in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing the international production of yellow corn, the annual increase comes to 19.83 Million Ton from yellow corn worldwide that valued 651.9 million Ton . We studied the improving of international exporting of yellow corn in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing the international exports of yellow corn, the annual increase comes to 2.056 Million Ton from yellow corn worldwide that valued 76.78 million Ton . We studied also the improving of yellow corn productivity in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing the international productivity of yellow corn, the annual increase comes to 0.08 Million Ton from yellow corn worldwide that valued 4.53 Ton /hectar. As well as We studied the improving of international price of yellow corn in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing the international price of yellow corn, the annual increase comes to 3.45 Dollar/Ton from yellow corn worldwide that valued 140.64 Dollar/ Ton .
2nd section: speaks about local production of yellow corn. We studied the improving of planted area by yellow corn in A.R.E in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing the planted area of yellow corn, the annual increase comes to 10.99 thousands acre from yellow corn planted area worldwide that valued 114.9 thousand acre. We studied as well the improving of yellow corn productivity in A.R.E. in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing of yellow corn productivity; the annual increase comes to 0.037 Ton /Acre from yellow corn that valued 3.08 Ton/Acre. We also studied total production of yellow corn in A.R.E. in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing the total production of yellow corn, the annual increase comes to 38.22 Ton/Acre from yellow corn that valued 357.66 thousands ton.
We studied the planted area of yellow corn in new land of A.R.E. in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing planted area of yellow corn in new land that has not confirmed by statistical hypothesis. We studied the improving of yellow corn productivity in new land in the period 1995-2009, that shows the general direction of increasing of yellow corn productivity, the annual increase comes to 0.032 ton/acre from the average of yellow corn productivity in new land that valued 2.88 ton/acre. When we studied the improving of total production of yellow corn in the period 1995-2009 in new land, it did not confirmed statistical hypothesis.
Third Chapter consists of 2 sections: 1st section showing the selection of sample of applied study from the general description of Nubaria area and Alex Governorate, how to select a sample, sample body, steps of sample selection and areas of selection, selecting village from selected centers and volume of sample, distributing of this sample on the possessors sets in the selected villages. 2ns section handles the social characteristics of the farmers in the sample: number of possessors, average age of possessor, average number of family, educational level, number of workers in agriculture field as well as farmers ideas about marketing difficulties they face and its types.
Fourth Chapter consists of 2 sections: 1st section studies the function of marketing margins and function of marketing qualifications as well as functions of marketing losses, distributing one pound to customers, study function of marketing margins between different marketing circles between the producers and retail merchant and whole sale merchant in the Summer Season, as well as study the marketing qualification to the yellow corn in Summer Season. where the line graph to the function of marketing margins to yellow corn with a total number of sample taken from Nubaria district in the Summer Season showing the main factors affect the marketing margins to the yellow corn which is the marketed quantity from yellow corn ( c1) with transport distance(c2) and number of agents (c3) and storage (c4) , it shows a positive relation between marketed quantity and distance and number agents and storage, that means that increasing one unit from marketed QTY , transport distance , numbers of agents and period of storage increase the marketing margin by 6.86,2.48,0.88,1.31 Pound/Ton. While the line graph of marketing margins function to yellow corn in Alexandria Governorate in Summer Season, shows a positive relation between marketed quantity, distance of transport and storage. It shows also a negative relation to number of agents, that means increasing one unit of marketed Qty, transport distance and period of storage leads to increase marketing margins by aprox. 25.89, 5.14,0.52 pound/ton , while increasing number of agents by one agent will cause decrease in marketing margins by 1.21 pound/ton. Function of marketing qualification to yellow corn crop in the Nubaria area in the Summer Season using stepwise regression for the whole sample that shows that the most effected elements on marketing qualification on yellow corn is the crop price of yellow corn (c1), cost of ton (c2), retail price (c3), where it shows a positive relation between crop price and retail price, and a negative relation represent’s in cost of ton , which means that increasing crop price by one pound leads to increase the marketing qualifications by 0.012%,.015%,.002% while the line graph to the function of marketing qualifications to yellow corn in Alexandria Governorate in the Summer season , shows a positive relation between crop price and retail price and cost of ton , that means by increasing cop price by one pound will lead to increase the marketing qualifications by 0.01%,.01%,0.005%. Function of marketing losses to yellow corn in Nubaria in the Summer season using the stepwise regression to the whole sample , shows that the affected elements on marketing losses to yellow corn is the production quantity (c1), harvesting losses (c2), bagging losses (c3), transport losses (c4) and storage losses (c5), it shows positive relation between crop quantity of yellow corn, harvest losses, bagging losses, transport losses, storage losses, that means by increasing the production by one ton leads to increase marketing losses by 0.11 ton, increasing harvesting losses by one unit leads to marketing losses by 0.68 ton while increasing bagging losses by one unite leads to increasing marketing losses by 0.53 ton and increasing transport losses by one unit leads to increase of marketing losses by 0.34 ton while increasing storage losses by one unit leads to increase in marketing losses by 0.69 ton. The function of marketing losses to yellow corn in Alexandria Governorate in the Summer season using the stepwise regression to the whole sample shows a positive relation between production quantity from yellow corn , harvesting losses, bagging losses, transport losses and storage losses, which means by increasing the production by one ton leads to increasing in marketing losses by 0.007 ton and means by increasing harvest losses by one unit leads to increase the marketing losses by 0.78 while increasing bagging losses by one unit leads to increase marketing losses by 0.49 ton , while increasing transport losses by one unit leads to increasing marketing losses by 0.74 ton and increasing storage losses by one unit leads to increase marketing losses by 0.92 ton.
2nd section; study the marketing margins function and marketing qualification and marketing losses and distributing one pound to the customer and study the marketing margins between different marketing circles between the producer and retail merchant and whole sale merchant, it study the marketing qualification to the yellow corn in the off season . The function of marketing margins to yellow corn in Nubaria in the off season shows a positive relation between the marketing quantity , transport distance , number of agents and storage; that means by increasing one unit of marketing Qty , transport distance , number of agents and storage period leads to increasing marketing margins by 10.7,0.53,0.99,12.01 ton. The line diagram to the function of marketing margins to yellow corn in Alexandria Governorate in the off season by using the stepwise regression to the whole sample, shows a positive relation between marketing Qty, transport distance, number of agents and storage; which means by increasing one unit of marketing Qty, transport distance, number of agents and period of storage leads to increase of marketing margins by 61.02, 0.39, 24.6, 29.01, pound/ton. The factor of limitation valued by 0.45 which means that 45% of changes in the marketing margins in the third set is due to this elements. Value of F: 6.019 shows the model significant on the level of 1%. Function of marketing losses to yellow corn in Nubaria in the off season shows a positive relation between harvesting losses, bagging losses, transport losses and storage losses. it shows also a negative relation with the production Qty from the yellow corn which means that by increasing the harvest losses by a unit will leads to increase in marketing losses by 0.68 ton , while increasing bagging losses by a unit leads to increase in the marketing losses by 0.54 ton and increasing the transport distance by a unit leads to increase on marketing losses by 0.66 ton and increasing storage losses by a unit leads to increase in market loss by 0.84 ton, while increasing production Qty by a ton leads to decreasing in marketing losses by 0.004 ton, when evaluated the function of marketing losses to the yellow corn in Alexandria Governorate in the off season using the stepwise regression to the whole sample that shows a positive relation between production Qty of the yellow corn, harvesting losses, bagging losses, storage losses and a negative relation represents the transport losses which means that increasing production by one ton leads to marketing losses by 0.01 ton and it means also that increasing harvesting losses by one unit leads to increasing in the marketing losses by 0.76 ton, while increasing bagging losses by a unit leads to increase marketing losses by 0.45 ton, and increasing storage losses by a unit leads to increasing of marketing losses by 0.84 ton, while increasing transport losses by a unit leads to decreasing of marketing losses by 0.03 ton and factor of limitation by 0.86 which means that 86% of changes in the function of marketing qualification to the whole sample refer to this factors. While other changes refer to other factors not measured by the function, F value: 36.3 shows the model significant on the level of 1%.