الفهرس 
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Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in veterinary practice. Among these
developed antibiotics gentamicin which is a member of aminoglycosides group and cephradine which belong to the first generation of cephalosporin group. Recently many antibiotics losses its activity due to development of resistance. So the uses of antibiotics combination indicated to overcome the bacterial resistance. Two hundred and twenty albino rats of about 200 grn average weight were used in this work and divided into two main groups A and B. Group A was of one htu dred and ten rats divided into 6 subgroups. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th subgroups, each of 20 rats, while the 6th subgroup consists of 10 rats represent the nonnal control, the 1st, and 2nd subgroups injected with low and high therapeutic doses of gentamicin, while the 3rd and 4th ones
injected with low and high therapeutic doses of cephradine. The 5th one injected with low therapeutic doses of both gentanicin and cephradine. Group B was of one hundred and ten albino rats divided into 6 subgroups. First the rats infected intraperitoneal with staphylococcus awtus, then the 1st and 2nd subgroups were treated with low and high therapeutic doses of gentamicin. The 3rd and 4th subgroups were treated with low and high therapeutic doses of cephradine. The 5th one injected with low
therapeutic doses of both gentarnicin and cephradine. The 6th subgroup was of 10 rats which was infected non treated and used as infected control group. Each subgroup of 20 rats were treated with antibiotics. Ten rats of them were sacrificed 10 days afier infection. The other ten rats sacrificed after 10 days from the last injection of the antibiotics.
Gentamicin:
The erythron mass showed macrocytic hypochromic anaemia with the low therapeutic doses which changed to normocytic normochromic anaemia with the high therapeutic doses and 10 days after cessation of the drug. Nonnocytic normochromic anaemia appeared in rats infected with staphylococcus aureus and treated with low and high doses of the drug. 10 days post the last injection the erythrocytic parameters were returned to
nonnal levels. There were leucopenia, neutropenia, eosinopenia and lymphopenia with low and high therapeutic dose of gentaniicin in normal and infected rats. Ten days after the last drug injection, these parameters did not return to the normal levels.
The clinicobiochemical analysis of serum together with
histopathological results showed hepatic and renal damage post treatment with gentamicin in normal and infected rats. This picture was indicated by an increase in the activities of serum AST, ALT and AP after low and high therapeutic doses in normal rats which returned to normal values 10 days after the last injection in case of low doses only. In infected rats, the above parameters showed a significant decrease as compared with infected control, and returned to normal values afier ten days of the drug cessation.
Hypoproteinernia, hypoalbumineinia and hypoglobulinemia were seen in nonnal rats injected with low and high doses of gentamicin. The level of AJG ratio was within normal level in rats injected with low doses and it showed a significant decrease with the high doses. There was a significant increase in TB, D,B and I.B after low and high doses in nonnal rats. 10 days post the last injection, the level of these parameters returned to nonnal with low doses and still significantly increased after high doses. In infected
rats, these parameters showed a significant decrease as compared with infected control rats while after 10 days from cessation of the drug, these parameters returned to nonnal levels as compared with normal control rats. There were a significant increase in BUN, creatinine and pH with hypocalcernia after low and high doses in normal rats. These parameters did
not return to nonnal levels after 10 days post last injection. Infected rats treated with low and high therapeutic doses showed a significant decrease of these parameters which returned to nonnal after 10 days from last injection as compared with normal control rats. The histopathological changes in the liver showed cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration. The changes in the kidneys showed cloudy swelling, haemorrhages and mild prevascular lymphocytic aggregation. Cephradine: The erythron mass showed normocytic normochromic anaemia after low doses and microcytic normochrornic anaemia after high therapeutic doses. Ten days after last injection, these changes returned to normal levels.
Infected rats which treated with low therapeutic doses showed no
significant change in erythrocytic parameters, while those treated with high therapeutic doses showed normocytic normochromic anaemia as compared with the infected control group which returned to normal values after 10 days from the last injection.
There were leucopenia, neutropenia, eosinopenia and monocytopenia in rats treated with low and high doses. Lymphocytopenia associated with high doses was seen after 10 days most of these parameters returned to normal. Infected rats showed leucopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia and lymphopenia after low and high doses. After 10 days from the last injection
of the low doses the result did not return to nonnal values. While in the high doses of these parameters were returned to the nonnal levels. The clinicobiochemical analysis of serum together with the
histopathological changes showed mild hepatic and renal damage post treatment. This picture indicated a significant increase of serum AST, ALT and AP after high doses only. After cessation of the drug by 10 days there were a significant increase in these parameters after the high therapeutic doses. Infected rats showed a significant decreases of these parameters in compared with infected control after low and high doses. Ten days after the last injection, these parameters returned to nonnal values. There were hypoproteinernia, hypoalbumenemia and hypergiobulin emia with a significant decrease in A/G ratio after high doses in normal rats.
Infected rats which treated with low and high therapeutic doses showed hypoproteinernia, hypoglobulenernia with significant increase in AIG ration. These changes did not return to control levels after 10 days from the last injection. There were a significant increase in T.B, D.B and I.B after high therapeutic doses in normal rats. The levels did not return to normal levels after 10 days from the last injection. Infected rats showed a significant
decrease of these parameters after low and high doses as compared with the infected control group. These parameters returned to the normal levels 10 days post the last injection.
There were a significant rise in BUN in normal rats treated with low
therapeutic doses of cephradine, but after high doses there were a significant rise in BUN, creatinine and hyperphosphatemia which accompanied with the hypocalcemia. Infected rats showed a significant decrease in BUN, creatinine, pH and hypercalcernia after low and high doses of cephradine as compared with the infected control. These changes did not return to normal
levels, 10 days post the last injection. The histopathological changes in the liver showed cloudy swelling with hydropic degeneration of the hepatic cells and hypertrophy of the
Kupifer cells. The kidneys showed cloudy swelling, and hyaline casts inside the lumina of the renal tubules were seen in normal rats injected with high therapeutic doses of cephradine. Gentamicin and cephradine: The haernatological changes denoted no significant changes in erythrocytic or leucocytic parameters in nonnal and infected rats treated with low therapeutic doses of both gentarnicin and cephradine except leucopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia and monocytosis in infected rats which returned to the normal levels ten days after the last injection.
Normal rats treated with low therapeutic doses of both gentarnicin and cephradine showed no significant changes in liver and renal fhnction tests except hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulenemia, BUN and creatinine which returned to the normal levels ten days after cessation of the treatment.
Infected rats showed some disturbances of both hepatic and renal
function tests then after treatment the parameters moves toward the normal levels. hi nonnal treated rats the histopathological changes of liver and kidneys were almost normal. While infected rats treated with low therapeutic doses of gentamicin and cephradine showed mild cloudy swelling beside hydropic degeneration in the kidneys with nearly normal hepatic cells. Ten days after cessation of the drug injection the histopathological changes in both normal and infected rats were returned to
normal.