الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the
effect of exposure of chicks to aflatoxin and possible protective
role of the food additives Eurotox and charcoal. This
experiment was carried out~on 90 , one day old chicks divided
equally into 6 groups . The first group kept as normal control
while other groups were administrated either aflatoxin ( 0.5
ppm), Eurotox (3 gm/kg ration), charcoal (0.2 gm / kg
ration),aflatoxin (0.Sppm) and Eurotox (3 gm/kg ration) or
aflatoxin (0.5 ppm) and charcoal (0.2 gm/kg ration) for 4 weeks
then received normal ration for 2 weeks. All groups except aflatoxin administrated group showed non significant change in all measured parameters One day old chicks exposed to 0.5 ppm aflatoxin for 4 weeks showed ruffled feathers, drooping of head and wings, yellowish diarrhoea and lameness. Also, the obtained results revealed reduction in body weight, performance and feed
consumption together with increasing of feed conversion rate
in chickens exposed to aflatoxin alone.
Evaluation of hemogram , coagulation profile and serum
biochemical parameters in chicks fed a ration supplemented
with either aflatoxin, Eurotox, charcoal and aflatoxin with
Eurotox or charcoal revealed significant changes only in the
group exposed to aflatoxin.
The picture of hemogram in the present work after
administration of aflatoxin was normacytic normochromic
anemia in the 2nd and 6 weeks and microcytic hypochromic
anemia in the 4th week of experiment . Combination of
Eurotox and aflatoxin caused a significant improvement in the
values of RBCs , Rb , PCV , MCH and MCRC in the 4th and
6th weeks compared with aflatoxin exposed group; while
combination of charcoal and aflatoxin revealed a significant
enhancement in values of RBCs , PCV and Rb in the ~ and
6th weeks and MCH and MCRC in the 4th weeks.
Regarding to the total and differential leukocytic counts
the results proved a significant increase in total leukocytic
count , heterophils and monocytes together with a decrease in
lymphocytes and eosinophil after 4 weeks from exposure to
afiatoxin. Combination of either drugs with aflatoxin caused a
significant decrease in total leukocytic count , heterophils and
nionocytes during the 4th week compared with aflatoxin
exposed group.
The obtained results proved a significant increase in
clotting and prothrombin time in the 4th week in aflatoxin
administrated group. There were a significant decrease in
clotting and prothrombin time in combined administration of
aflatoxin and Eurotox or charcoal during the 4th week
compared with afiatoxin exposed group.
Activities of AST and ALT were significantly increase
along the experimental periods while AP were significantly
elevated in aflatoxin received group in the 4th and 6th week.
Results showed a significant decrease in total protein,
albumin and globulin in aflatoxin exposed group in the 4th
week. Groups administrated aflatoxin and Eurotox or charcoal
showed no significant changes in total protein, Albumin,
globulin, AJG ratio and AP; while AST and ALT were
significantly decrease compared with aflatoxin received group.
Chickens received aflatoxin showed significant decrease in
serum levels of calcium with increased phosphorus, while
creatinine and uric acid levels proved a significant increase.
Combination of aflatoxin and Eurotox or charcoal caused a
significant improvement in calcium level and phosphorus in
the 4th week compared with aflatoxin received group
Although post - mortum examination of liver and kidneys
in aflatoxin exposed group revealed enlargement ; the thymus
and bursa of Fabricius showed reduction in size . Also the
intestine appeared congested and pericardial sacs were
distended with fluids; while skeletal muscle showed
hernorhage.
Regarding the microscopical findings in aflatoxin exposed
group the results showed cloudy swelling in both liver and
kidneys ; while bursa o Fabricius and thymus showed lymphoid depletion . Edema was reported in intermuscular
tissue of heart and submucosa of intestine . Also, myocardial
muscle fibers showed hyaline degeneration.
A very mild microscopical lesions were appeared in liver
kidneys, bursa of Fabricius , thymus, intestine and heart in
groups received combined administration of aflatoxin and
Eurotox or Charcoal.