الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present study a trial was made to examine
anaerobically different samples of diseased as well as apparently normal (120) chickens, (120 ) ducks , (120) geese and (120) turkeys at one-day-old and 45-days-old to
investigate the clostridial microorganism.
There are variation in the prevalence rate of clostridium species isolated from apparently chickens at age one - day - old & 45 - days- old which lower ( 46.7% , 60% respectively ) than that of diseased chickens ( 70 % , 93.3% respectively ) • Mean while the rate of clostridial species isolated from 30 liver , 30 intestine, 30 kidney and 30 spleen of apparently normal chickens at age one-day-old were (23.3%, 40%, 3.3%, 0% respectively ) which lower than that of diseased chickens ( 30%, 66.7%, 23.3%, 6.7% respectively ) , but at age 45 -days-old the isolation from liver, intestine, kidney and spleen of apparently normal chickens were ”(30%, 46.7%, 3.3%, 3.3% respectively ) which lower than that of diseased chickens ( 50%, 80%, 23.3%, 13.3 %
respectively). Among apparently normal and diseased chickens
at age one-day-old and 45- days-old examined found that
C. perfringens was the most predominant species then C.
s mpzogsLes, then C. sordellii and C. tertium . Also found
conjunction of C. perfringens plus C. sordellii and C. sordellii
plus C. s mpgggiies at age one-day old but at age 45-days-
old found C. perirkgi ens plus C. sordellii, C. perfringenex
plus C. tertium and C. erfrip1g ens plus C. sporogsiIes. On
typing of C. erfi±gi ens isolated from the examined chickens
p
and from different organs type ”A” was the most prevalent followed by type ”D” then type `:C” In the mean time type ”A” and ”D” was isolated only from apparently normal chickens
while type ”C” isolated from diseased chickens.
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Summary
The rate of the isolated clostridium from apparently normal ducks at age one - day - old & 45 - days - old lower (36.7 % , 50% respectively ) than that of diseased ducks ( 56.7 % , 73.3 % respectively ) . While the rate of clostridial species isolated from 30 liver , 30 intestine, 30 kidney and 30 spleen of apparently normal ducks at age one-day-old were ( 16.7%, 30%, 6.7%, 0% respectively ) which lower than that of diseased ducks (33.3%, 53.3%, 16.7%, 10% respectively ) , but at age 45 -days-old the isolated from liver, intestine kidney and spleen of apparently normal ducks were ( 20%, 43.3%, 3.3%, 3.3% respectively ) which lower than that of diseased ducks (36.7%, 63.3%, 23.3%, 10% respectively) . Among apparently normal and diseased ducks at age one-day-old and 45- days-old examined found that C. perfringens was the most predominant species then C. sporogenes, then C. sordellii . Also found conjunction of C. perfringens plus C. sporogenes and C. sordellii plus C. sporogenes at age one-day-old but at age 45-days-old found C. perfringens plus C. sordellii, C. sordellii plus C. sporogenes and C. perfringens plus C. sporogenes. On typing of C. perfringens isolated from examined ducks and from different organs found that type ”A” was the most prevalent followed by type ”D” and type ”C” In the mean time type ”A” and ”D” was isolated only from apparently normal ducks while type ”C” isolated from diseased ducks.
The rate of clostridium isolated from apparently normal geeses at age one - day - old & 45 - days - old lower ( 43.3 % , 46.7 % respectively ) than that of diseased gesse ( 60 % , 70 % respectively ). Mean while the rate of clostridial species isolated from 30 liver , 30 intestine, 30 kidney and 30 spleen of apparently normal geese at age one-day-old were ( 16.7%, 33.3%, 3.3%,0% respectively ) which lower than that of diseased geese ( 36.7%, 50%, 20%, 6.7% respectively ). But at age 45 -
(170)
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Summary
days-old the isolates from liver, intestine kidney and spleen of apparently normal geese were ( 20%, 36.7%, 6.7%, 0%, respectively ) which lower than that of diseased geese ( 30%, 63.3%,. 13.3%, 10% respectively ) . In the examined apparently normal and diseased geeses at age one-day-old and 45- days-old C. perfringens was the most predominant species then C. sordellii, then C. sporogenes and C. tertium . Also found conjunction of C. perfringens plus C. sordellii and C. sordellii plus C. sporogenes at age one-day old but at age 45-days-old found C. perfringens plus C. sordellii, C. sporogenes plus C. tertium. On typing of C. perfringens isolated from examined geese and from different organs found that type ”A” was the most prevalent followed by type ”D” and type ”C” In the mean time type ”A” and ”D” was isolated only from apparently normal geeses while type ”C” isolated from diseased geeseI
The prevalence rate of the isolated clostridium from apparently normal turkeys at age - one -day- old & 45 - days - old lower (46.7 % , 53.3 % respectively ) than that of diseased turkeys (73.3 % , 83.3 % respectively ) . Mean while the rate of clostridial species isolated from 30 liver , 30 intestine, 30 kidney and 30 spleen of apparently normal turkeys at age one-day-old were (13.3%, 36.7%, 10%, 3.3% respectively ) which lower than that of diseased turkeys ( 40%, 63.3%, 13.3%, 10% respectively), but at age 45 -days-old the isolates from liver, intestine, kidney and spleen of apparently normal turkeys were ( 30%, 43.3%, 10%, 3.3% respectively ), which lower than that of diseased chickens (36.7%, 73.3%, 20%, 6.7% respectively ). Among apparently normal and diseased turkeys at age one-day-old and 45- days-old examined found that C. perfringens was the most predominant species then C. sporogenes, then C. sordellii and C. tertium. Also found conjunction of C. perfringens, plus C. sporogenes, C. perfringens, plus C. sordellii and C. sordellii plus C. sporogenes at age one-day old but at age 45 -days-old
(171)
•found C. perfringens us C. sordellii, C. perfringenes plus C. sporogenes and C. sporogenes plus C. tertium. On typing of C. perfringens isolated from the examined turkeys and from different organs found that type ”A” was the most prevalent followed by type ”D” and type ”C” In the mean time type ”A” and ”D” was isolated only from apparently normal turkeys while type ”C7 isolated from diseased turkeys
Out of the positive chickens , ducks, geese and turkeys with out any clinical signs revealed clostridium microorganisms in pure form ranged from ( 80 % to 88.9 % ) while( 11.1 % to 20%) in mixed forms. On the other hand , out of the diseased Chickens, ducks , geese: and turkeys the clostridium species, present in pure form as ( 82.4 % to 90.5%) while it present in mixed form as( 9.5 % to 17.6 %)
The isolated strains of C. perfringens type ”A” , ”D”, ”C” were sensitive to chloramphenicol. In addition to that , isolates of type ”A” were also sensitive to Ampicillin, penicillin, Kanamycin and Nalidixic acid . Isolates of type ”C” were more sensitive to Ampicillin. However, type D isolates were highly sensitive to kanamycin and penicillin.
Sensitivity of the isolates of other clostridia was
moderately seen to chloramphenicol. Nitrofurantoin or Cephalothin for C. sporogenes. But, isolates of C. tertium
were more sensitive to ,Ampicillin and Cephalothin and
moderately sensitive to streptomycin and polymyxin - B.
Finally , isolates of C. sordellii showed high sensitivity to Gentamycin , chloramphenicol and Nitrofurantoin.
Mortalities of intramuscularly infected poultry (Chickens , ducks, geese. and turkeys ) with C. perfringens type ” A ” . C. sordellii, C. sporogenes and mixed strains ( C. perfringens
(172) ,
chickens , ducks, geese and turkeys ..
Oral dosing of chloramphenicol and injection I/M to poultry at time of infection with C. perfringens, and C. sordellii was effective in decreasing the mortality rate . Mean while the uses of mixed antibiotics of chloramphenicol and Gentamyein in case of mixed infection decreased the mortality. Mean while the injected of solcoseryl ampoules with
chloramphenicol were preventing the mortality due to
complete treatment of the intestinal lesion.