الفهرس 
Radiological AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood or blood tinged sputum.
Common causes of hemoptysis include chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pneumonia fungal infections, tuberculosis,pulmonary embolism and malignancy.
Massive hemoptysis, is a serious, critical condition that necessitates urgent assessment and treatment of the patient.
With the availability of Multislice CT the utility of fibrobronchoscopy has been questioned for the location and diagnosis of the bleeding undoubtly the quality of the images ,their precision and the speed and readiness cause CT to play an important role in the diagnosis of Haemoptysis.
Recent advances in MDCT technology and post processing software have brought excellent post processing of axial images into superior quality non axial images. Commonly performed post processing techniques produce two dimensional images using multiplanar reformation (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP), or three dimensional images using various types of volume rendering (VR).
Detectability of lung lesion by image-processing techniques such as MIP and VR is higher than when viewing thin-section images alone.
MSCT can simultaneously produce images of different thickness from data acquired by contiguous thin slice scanning during a single breath-hold. This approach is often referred to as a Combi scan, this scan is very effective in detection of lung cancer because no lesion can be missed between slices as occur in standard HRCT.
Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) has dramatically improved pulmonary nodule evaluation in terms of detection and characterization.
With MSCT capabilities, thin section imaging can be performed rapidly through the thorax, and therefore high-quality image data can be obtained. Since its introduction, MSCT technology has continued to advance with an increasing number of detector rows and more rapid scan times. Such technology enables improved spatial and temporal resolution while increasing or not compromising coverage in the craniocaudal z- axis.
paddlewheel image reconstruction,is apost processing technique used with suspected bronchiectasis as it ensure imaging of the bronchi along their long axis This technique was initially described for optimal visualization
of the pulmonary vasculature.
Contrast-enhanced CT, specifically 64-MDCT, has become the first-line imaging test for the diagnosis of PE. Increased sensitivity for the detection of PE in sub segmental vessels have previously demonstrated
that MDCT scanning demonstrates more PE, and PE in smaller vessels, than single-slice scanning. In addition, the same study demonstrated
that using MDCT with decreasing slice thickness from 2.5 to 1.25 mm
improved the visualization of segmental and subsegmental vessels and PE.
Multi-slice or multidetector CT allows larger volumes to be scanned with thinner sections, and yet shorter scan times. The speed of scanning makes multislice CT well suited to the demonstration of thoracic vasculature, including pulmonary arteries, and permits a shorter contrast medium injection, thus reducing contrast usage.