الفهرس 
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Abstract
Some Biochemical analyses of Blood and pathological examination of tissues in rats giving some preservatives were investigated. This study was carried out on 120 white albino rats of one month old and weighed 120 - 150 gm. The rats were kept at a constant environmental and nutrational conditions.
The rats were randomly divided into four main groups according to the type of preservative added to their diets, each group consisted of 30 rats and was placed in individual cages as follows.
Group I:
Comprised 30 rats used as control for all experimental groups giving a basal diets free from any preservatives.
Group II:
Consisted of 30 rats giving sorbitol preservative diet 0.1 g%.
Group III:
Included 30 rats received diet containing Sodium nitrite 0.2 g%. Group IV:
Included 30 rats received citric acid preservative diet 0.02 g%.
The addition of preservatives to rats diets for group II, III, IV lasted for a duration of three months from the beginning of the experiment. Moreover, blood samples for serum separation were taken from all animal groups, 10 rats of each
group periodically every month for duration of three month from the onset of the experiment.
Serum samples were separated and subjected to quantitative determination of the activities of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase in addition to sodium, potassium, urea uric acid and creatinine levels determination.
Immediately after decapitation liver and kidney specimens were collected in 10% neutral formalin for histopathological examination.
The results achieved could be summarized as follows:
1- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST):
The data recorded a very highly significant increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase in rats received sorbitol preservatives after one month this increase became significant after two and three months. in group III the (AST) activity showed a very highly significant increase after three months. this increase became highly significant and significant after one and two months respectively. whereas in group (VI) there was a very highly significant increase in (AST) activity was recorded after one month. this increase became non significant and highly significant after to and three months respectively.
2-Alanine amino transferase (ALT): The activity showed a very highly significant increase in all groups received
preservatives diet after one and two months. Whereas after three months the activity of alanine amino transferase showed a very highly significant increase in (group II), this increase became non significant in (groups III and IV).
3-Alkaline phosphatase:
The data recorded a very highly significant increase in the activity of alkaline
phosphatase in rats received preservatives mixed diet after one, two and three months in all experimental grou ps (HMI and IV) except in group III the activity showed highly significant increase after two months, whereas in (group IV) the activity showed a non significant increase after three months.
4-Serum sodium: In rats received preservatives diet for one month a non significant decrease
in serum sodium level was noticed in (groups II and III).
This decrease became very highly significant in (group IV). After two months there was a non significant decrease in serum sodium level in (group H), this decrease became highly significant in group (IV).
Moreover the data revealed a non significant increase in (group III). The data recorded a significant increase in serum sodium level in rats received preservatives diet for three months in rats received sorbitol (group II), This increase became non
significant in (groups III) and very highly significant in (group IV).
5-Serum potassium: There were a very high and high significant decrease in serum potassium
level in all groups of rats received preservatives mixed diets for one, two and three months except after three months in rats received citric acid, the serum potassium level showed a non significant decrease.
6-Serum urea:
There was a significant increase in serum urea level in group II and (VI) of rats received sorbitol and citric acid preservatives diet after one month. this increase became highly significant after one and two months in group III and VI respectively. A very highly significant increase of serum urea level was recorded after two and three months in group III and IV respectively. Whereas in group (II) the serum urea level showed a non significant increase after two and three months.
7-Serum Uric acid: The level showed a very highly significant increase in rats administrated
preservatives mixed diet for one and two months in all the experimental groups (II, III and IV).
Moreover, rats received preservatives for three months showed a non significant increase in group (II), and this increase became high significant in group (IV).
Whereas in group (III) the serum uric acid level revealed a non significant
decrease.
8- Serum creatinine:
The results revealed a highly significant increase in serum creatinine level in
rats received preservatives diets in their ration after three months in groups (III & VI).
Moreover, the level showed a non significant increase after one and two months in group (II & III). Also the serum creatinine level showed a non significant increase after two and three months in group (VI & II) repspectively.
In rats received preservatives diet for one month the data revealed a significant increase of serum creatinine level in group (VI).
Histopathological studies of liver and kidney showed that:
In case of renal lesions associated with Sodium nitrite preservative mixed diet showed periglomerular, perivascular and intertubular lymphocytic aggregation with calcification within renal tubules and thrombus in B.Vs. Hyaline and casts and pyknosis of nuclei of renal tubules were observed.
Moreover, hepatic degeneration, necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration were seen in case of Sodium nitrite, while activation of Kupffer cells and hepatic necrosis
were seen in case of citric acid preservative. Mononuclear leucocytic cellular infiltration and hyperplasia of lining epithelium of bile ducts were observed in association with sorbitol administration.
The conclusion:
The conclusion of results obtained from this study revealed that the liver and
kidney functions were affected by the addition of sodium nitrite, sorbitol and citric acid as preservatives for long periods. Therefore, it is advisable to reduce the frequent uses of these food preservatives which constitute, at times, public health hazards.