الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Frozen shoulder is a discrete clinical diagnosis for painful restriction of both active and passive shoulder motion that results from capsular fibrosis, for which radiographs of the glenohumeral joint are essentially unremarkable. Its etiology, although unclear, is associated with the interaction of constitutional and extrinsic factors among patients who, notably, are between 40 and 60 years of age, 20–30% will develop the condition bilaterally. It is reported that within two to three years after onset, most patients will have recovered whether treated or not. A number of different treatment modalities have been used to decrease time to recovery and improve the results of this condition.
Many treatment options have been advocated for frozen shoulder. The fundamental goal of treatment is to restore and maintain function. The methods of treatment include NSAIDs, physiotherapy, intra-articular steroid injection, hydrolic distension, MUA, arthroscopic capsular release and open surgical release.
Although, the existing studies do not establish a superior treatment approach for frozen shoulder, MUA has been advocated by many authors as a useful treatment option. Arthroscopy of the shoulder has become widely accepted as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of disorders of the shoulder.