الفهرس 
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Abstract
Experiments of the present study were carried out at the Rabbits
Farm of Sakha Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture
Research Center, Egypt, during the period from March 2013 to July 2013.
It aimed to investigate the effects of early supplementation of
probiotic and prebiotic on preventing post weaning digestive disorders
and productive performance of growing APRI-Line rabbits. In this study,
two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was performed to
investigate the influence of dietary probiotic and prebiotic
supplementation on APRI-Line rabbit pups during pre-weaning period
(from 3 to 5 weeks of age). The second experiment was performed to
investigate the influence of early period (at 3 weeks of age) and late
period (at weaning at 5 weeks of age) dietary probiotic and prebiotic
supplementation on productive performance of APRI-Line rabbits during
the growing period.
Four experimental treatments were used in this study. The basal diet
was supplemented with 0 (control), 1 gm Biomos (mannan oligosaccharide)
/kg diet, 0.4 gm Bioplus 2B (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) /kg
diet and mix (1 gm Biomos and 0.4 gm and Bioplus /kg diet).
(A) First Experiment:
Litters of twenty APRI-line rabbit does (5 does per diet) of about 3
week old with an average litter size of 7 pups, were used in this
experiment. The following four experimental diets were as follow:
1- Control: Rabbits fed basal diet without any supplementation.
2- MOS: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Biomos/ kg
diet.
3- PLUS: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 0.4 g Bioplus/ kg
diet.
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4- MIX: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Biomos and
0.4 g Bioplus/ kg diet.
Individual body weight and feed intake were taken weekly from 3
weeks until 5 weeks of age. Mortality and the clinical health status of all
rabbits were monitored daily and mortality percentage was calculated.
Blood samples were taken from three weaning rabbits (at 5 weeks of age)
from each treatment to study the influence of experimental diets on some
blood constituents. Also, three blood samples were taken from rabbits at
the beginning of the experiment (at 3 weeks of age). The microbial
diagnosis examination was carried out on samples of caecum contents (4
males in each treatment)
(B) Second Experiment:
One hundred and forty APRI line rabbits were divided and assigned
randomly into seven experimental groups of 20 rabbits each (10 males
+10 females) of 5 weeks of age with an average live body weight of
582±8.58 gm. Rabbits were similar, with respect to body weight and sex.
Seven experimental treatments were as follow:
1- Control: Rabbits fed basal diet without any supplementation from
3 to 13 weeks of age.
2- MOS1: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Biomos/ kg
diet from 3 to 13 weeks of age (early period).
3- PLUS1: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 0.4 g Bioplus/
kg diet from 3 to 13 weeks of age (early period).
4- MIX1: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Biomos and
0.4 g Bioplus/ kg diet from 3 to 13 weeks of age (early
period).
5- MOS2: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Biomos/ kg
diet from 5 to 13 weeks of age (late period).
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6- PLUS2: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 0.4 g Bioplus/
kg diet from 5 to 13 weeks of age (late period).
7- MIX2: Rabbits fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g Biomos and
0.4 g Bioplus/ kg diet from 5 to 13 weeks of age (late
period).
Parameters studied included growth performance and mortality rate
of growing rabbits.
At the end of growing period, six rabbits (3 males +3 females) of 13
weeks age were taken randomly from each treatment, fasted for 12 hrs,
weighed, slaughtered and weighed after complete bleeding, skinned and
eviscerated. Immediately after evisceration, weight of the dressed carcass
free from any internal organs was recorded. Six rabbits (3 males + 3
females) from each treatment were taken for analysis of meat.
Blood parameters trial was performed on 42 rabbits (6 per diet) at
the end of the productive experiment (at 13 weeks of age) to estimate the
total protein, albumin, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, AST, ALT,
creatinine and urea. The microbial diagnosis examination was carried out
on samples of caecum contents (4 males in each)
Apparent nutrient digestibility was performed on thirty five male
APRI-line rabbits, at least three months old and similar in body weights,
to determine the apparent nutrient digestibility of the seven experimental
groups (5 males for each treatment). A caecotrophy trial was performed
on thirty five male APRI-line rabbits, at least four months old and had
similar body weights; (five per diet) to estimate the excretion and
chemical composition of soft faeces. Economical efficiency was
performed by the end of the productive trials to evaluate the experimental
diets.
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Results obtained could be summarized as follow:
(A) First Experiment:
1-Rabbits received MIX diet had the highest body weight,
followed by those received MOS diet, while those fed control
diet had the lowest body weight at 5 weeks of age.
2- Diet containing 1 g Biomos and 0.4 g Bioplus/ kg diet had higher
daily weight gain of rabbits as compared with control diet (26.7 vs.
23.5 g; P<0.001, respectively).
3- The highest values of feed intake was found for rabbits fed diet
containing 1 g Biomos and 0.4 g Bioplus/ kg, while the least value
was for those fed control diet (28.9 vs. 27.2 g; P<0.05).
4- Feed conversion ratio showed significant differences (P<0.05),
where the MOS and MIX diets recorded the best values, while the
control diet recorded the poorest values.
5- No mortality records with MIX diet. Rabbit fed diet supplemented
with 1 g Biomos/ kg diet and 0.4 g Bioplus/ kg diet significantly
decreased mortality by 78.5% and 57.1%, respectively, as
compared with those fed control diet.
6- Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased
(P<0.001 & P<0.05, respectively), while serum glucose
significantly increased (P<0.05) by supplementing Biomos,
Bioplus or their mix in diets.
7- At 5 weeks of age, serum total protein, albumin and globulin were
significantly higher, while serum cholesterol, triglycerides and
glucose were significantly lower as compared with 3 weeks of age.
8- Ammonia in caecum content was significantly increased (P<0.01)
by supplementing Bio-Mos, Bio-Plus or their mix in diets.
9- At 5 weeks of age, caecum ammonia content significantly
decreased, while total bacterial count and pathogenic bacteria
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(Escherichia coli and Clostridium spp.) significantly increased as
compared with 3 weeks of age.
(B) Second Experiment:
1- Rabbits received MIX1 diet had the highest final body weight,
while those received control diet had the lowest final body
weight (at 13 weeks of age) in the whole growing period.
2- Rabbits received MIX1 diet recorded the highest value of daily
weight gain, followed by rabbits received MOS1 diet, but no
significant differences between them could be observed, while
the lower value was observed for rabbits received control diet
(28.9 and 28.6 vs. 24.1 g, P<0.001).
3- Rabbits start fed experimental diets from 3 to 13 weeks of age
(early period) lead to significantly higher daily weight gain as
compared with those start fed experimental diets from 5 to 13
weeks of age (late period).
4- Feed conversion ratio showed significant differences (P<0.001),
where the MIX1 and MOS1 diets recorded the best values, while
the control and PLUS2 diets recorded the poorest values.
5- Rabbits received MIX1 and MOS1 diets recorded significantly
lowest values of mortality during the experimental period, as
compared with those received the control diet (5% vs. 25%,
respectively).
6- The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF and NFE were
significantly increased, but digestibility of EE was significantly
decreased (P<0.001) by supplementing Bio-Mos, Bio-Plus or
their mix in diets.
7- The highest contribution of soft faeces to CP intake (P<0.001)
was obtained by MIX1 treatment group (35.6%), as a result of
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increasing soft faeces excreted, while the lowest value was
observed in the control group (29.6%).
8- Carcass percentage was significantly increased (P<0.01) by
supplementing Bio-Mos, Bio-Plus or their mix in diets.
9- Meat content of DM and CP significantly increased (P<0.05) by
supplementing Bio-Mos, Bio-Plus or their mix in diets, while EE
content significantly decreased (P<0.05).
10- Serum total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose significantly
increased (P<0.01 & P<0.05, respectively), while serum
cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased
(P<0.01 & P<0.05, respectively) with supplementing Bio-Mos,
Bio-Plus or their mix in diets.
11- Rabbits start fed experimental diets early (3-13 weeks of age)
had significantly higher serum total protein, albumin and
globulin, while they had significantly lower serum cholesterol
and triglycerides as compared with those start fed experimental
diets later (5-13 weeks of age).
12- Pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Clostridium spp.) in
caecal content decreased (P<0.01 & P<0.001, respectively) by
supplementing Bio-Mos, Bio-Plus or their mix in diets.
13- The best value of relative revenue was found in the rabbits
received MIX1 diet (146.6%), followed by those received MOS1
diet (145.7%), but the poorest value was recorded with those
received control diet (100%).
Therefore, it may be concluded that supplementing of Bio-mos, Bioplus
or their mix to growing rabbit diets improve growth performance and
reduce mortality. Whereas, dietary supplementation of probiotic and
prebiotic from 3 weeks of age (early period) increased their activity, reduced
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mortality and improved growth performance, under environmental Egyptian
conditions.