الفهرس 
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Abstract
Egypt is one of the developing countries where protein malnutrition remain the major problem of nutrition.
The trails applied today are directed to find low cost, high protein foods. One of the main important foods of high protein low cost is cow’s milk.
This study is carried out to investigate the biochemical changes of blood serum constituents of calves reared on maternal milk and that, received milk replace. The material of our study were 24 calves their ages ranged beteen 7-9 days.
These calves divided into two groups as follows :
1-Control group :
Included 12 calves and reared on maternal milk till the age of weaning (13 weeks).
2-Experimental group :
Contained 12 calves and reared on milk replacer ”vita milk produced by Fralex company - France”.
Both groups of calves were obtained from Shobra Shehab military farm and received colostrum for 5 days after parturition, then the calves received milk replacer gradually from the 2nd week after birth, while the control group kept on maternal milk, calves of both group were weighed every two weeks till weaning at 13 weeks of age. Blood samples were taken every two weeks, starting from the third weeks of age till the 13th weeks of age, serum was separated in the farm and persevered at -4°C, prior to biochemical analysis which included the following estimates:
1-Serum total protein :
Showed a non significant differences in calves received milk replacer compared with control one.
2-Serum Albumin :
The level of serum albumin revealed non significant differences in calves received milk replacer from the second week till weaning in comparison with control group.
3-Serum Globulin :
Showed a non significant differences in experimental group which received milk replacer after feeding of colostrum till weaning at 95 day compared with control group.
4-Serum Globulins fractions :
The results recorded a non significant changes in serum Alpha, Beta and Gamma globulin in calves received milk replacer from the second week till weaning in comparison with control group reared on maternal milk, also it is clear from the present study that, the DROP in Gamma globulins concentration takes place on the 50th day of age in both control and experimental groups then rises again due to appearance of active immunity.
5-Serum urea:
Recorded non significant differences in calves supplied with milk replacer from the second week till weaning at 95 day compared with control group.
6-Serum creatinine :
There was a non significant differences in serum creatinine level in calves reared on milk replacer after the first week till weaning in
comparison with calves received maternal milk.
7-Serum sodium :
Revealed a non significant differences in calves received milk replacer from second week till weaning compared with control group.
8-Serum potassium:
The data recorded a non significant changes in serum potassium level in calves received milk replacer from the second week till weaning.
9-Serum calcium :
Non significant changes in serum potassium level was observed in calves received milk replacer from the second week till weaning compared
with calves kept on maternal milk.
10-Serum phosphorus :
The recorded results showed a non significant differences in serum phosphorus of calves received milk replacer from second week till weaning compared with control one.
11-Serum Magnesium :
The level of serum magnesium showed a non significant differences in calves received milk replacer from the second week till weaning at age
95 day.
12-Serum Iron :
Showed a non significant differences in calves received milk replacer from the second week till age of weaning in comparison with control group.
13-Serum Aspartate aminotransferase activity ”AST”:
The data recorded non significant differences in the activity of AST in calves received milk replacer from the second week till weaning in comparison with control group reared on maternal milk, also it is clear from the present investigation that, the level of AST in serum was increased and became the maximum level at 95 day old.
14-Serum alanine aminotransferase activity ”ALT”:
The activity of serum ALT revealed non significant changes in calves kept on milk replacer from the second week till weaning compared with control one. Moreover the level of serum ALT increased till reached the maximum level at weaning age.
* Body weight :
Calves of control group as well as those receiving milk replacer were subjected for weight determination. It is clear from the present investigation that there was non significant increase in body weight of calves receiving milk raplacer in all ages in comparison with control group reared on maternal milk.