الفهرس 
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Abstract
The presence work shows the optimum time for insemination when the animal come in heat, the site of semen deposition in genital tract, the dose of semen deposted, and the time of thawing of frozen semen on the efficiency of A.I in primiparous and pluriparous cows and buffalos.
A total of 360 & 397 and 334 & 350 primiparous & plueriparous dairy cows and buffalo cows, respectively, were used in the current study. These animals were admitted into the clinic of Denshway, Minofia Province, for the purpose of artificial insemination. The frozen semen was obtained from Abbasia Center for buffaloes and Beni-suif Center for cattle, General Organization for Veterinary Services Egypt.
The inseminated females were checked against pregnancy after two months from the last insemination. The number of inseminations per conception and the rate of conception were estimated
The obtained results can be summarized as follows:
1)The average number of inseminations required for conception was 1.31 + 0.03 for both species, for 757 cows and 684 buffaloes, the conception rate was 72.79 ± 1.62% and 74.38 + 1.67%, respectively.
2)The effect of parity in both cows and buffaloes revealed that, the number of insemination / conception and the conception rate were 1.31 ± 0.03 and 75.94 ± 1.62% and 1.30 ± 0.03 and 71.35 ± 1.66% for primiparous and pleuriparous animals, respectively.
3)The number of insemination / conception and the
conception rate were 1.35 ± 0.03 and 72.82 ± 1.48% and
1.23 ± 0.03 and 74.81 ± 1.88% for animals inseminated
during the green and dry seasons, respectively.
4)The number of insemination / conception and conception rate were 1.36 ± 0.04 and 67.45 ± 2.16%, 1.34 ± 0.03 and 76.12 ± 1.97% and 1.23 ± 0.03 and 76.89 ± 1.88% for animals having intracervical, uterine body and uterine horn inseminations, respectively
5)The number of insemination / conception and the
conception rate were 1.38 + 0.03 and 71.51 + 1.54% and
1.21 + 0.02 and 76.59 ± 1.76% for animals inseminated
after one minute and 45 minutes incubation time,
respectively.
6)The number of insemination / conception and the conception rate were 1.31 + 0.02 and 75.50 ± 1.29% for 6-12 hours, 1.24 ± 0.04 and 68.58 ± 2.88% for 12-18 hours and 1.49 ± 0.118 and 61.43 ± 5.86% for 18-22 hours insemination after the onset of estrus, respectively. 7) The number of insemination / conception and conception rate were 1.32 + 0.02 and 73.37 ± 1.26% for single and 1.22 ± 0.04 and 74.65 ± 2.76% for double insemination
after 6-12 hours from the onset of estrus, respectively. from the present study, it can be concluded that:
1)In order to attain successful artificial insemination program, each
of cattle and buffaloes should have their management Independently;
2)An attention should be paid to management of the primiparous or pleuriparous animals in relation to effects of season , site of insemination, time of semen incubation, time of in semination and dosage of insemination.
3)It is of importance to look through the time of insemination among the different season s to have high conception rate with low number of insemination / conception;
4)In order to have successful rate of conception, semen should be placed in the uterine horn with the 45m time of semen incubation, the 6-12 h time of insemination and the single dose of insemination;
5)Semen incubated up to 45min, allowed to be inseminated within 6 — 12h after the onset of estrus and in on e dosage, result in better conception rate with low number of insemination / conception;
6)A higher conception rate with lower number of insemination / conception can be obtained with animals inseminated 6 — 12h after the onset of estrus by using single dosage of insemination;
7)Mostly of the animals inseminated with a double dosage of inseminate should have a higher possibilities of fertilization.