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Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes mellitus cause an oxidative stress which plays with hyperglycemia, key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic. Therefore this study was planned to investigate the role of barley whole grain as hypoglycemic and antioxidant mean in prevention of that complications. This role has been examined in comparison with that of insulin. 90 rats were divided into 5 equal groups .Group I : Negative control group ,group II :STZ diabetic group , group III : barley treated diabetic group ,group IV : insulin treated diabetic group and group V barley treated group .The present results revealed that STZ caused hyperglycemia characterized by significant elevation in the plasma glucose and significant decline in insulin concentration as well as in rats body weights in the three diabetic groups as compared with control group. Administration of barley whole grain had antihyperglycemic effect in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Barley administration also elevated the expression level of both Reg3a and INSI genes which are responsible for regeneration of pancreatic β-cells and for insulin biosynthesis when used for a period of 42days. |