الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of lead toxicity on mineral concentration and immunological factors in rats. Turmeric was used to ameliorate the adverse effect of lead.
Our study was carried out on 40 male rats divided in to four equal groups (10 rats in each group) as follows:
Group I:Control group :including 10 males rats served as control group.Rats were fed basal diet all over the experiment period (11week).
GroupII:Turmeric group: including 10 males rats were fed 1.0% turmeric powder +basal diet.
Group III: lead intoxicated group: including 10 males rats injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)with 8 mg lead acetate /kg bwt ,(from 3rd to11th week) ,these treatment were given 4 days a week for 9 weeks.
Group IV:Turmeric protected group (rats were fed turmeric before lead intoxicated ) :including 10 males rats given lead from 3rd to 11th week(4 days a week injected (i.p.) 8 mg lead acetate /kg bwt rats.
At the end of experiment rat were decaptured ,blood sample was collected and divided in to two parts
The first part was centrifugated at 3000 r.p.m for 10 minutes after complete coagulation. The serum was separated and kept in clean stopper glass vial at -20 °C unit analysis .Serum was subjected to the following analysis : Calcium, phosphorous, iron, zinc, copper, sodium, potassium , chloride, magnesium, ,AST,ALT, urea, uric acid and creatinine, IgG, IgM, levels.
The second part was collected in heparinized tube and mixed well to prevent clot formation .Blood spcimens were used for CBC determination .
Our results and statistical revealed the following:
- Serum calcium, phosphorous, iron, copper were significantly increased in lead intoxicated group and lead with turmeric group. While, serum calcium was significantly decreased in turmeric group.
- Serum zinc was significantly decreased in lead intoxicated group and in lead with turmeric group .
- Serum sodium was significantly increased in turmeric group. While, it was significantly decreased in lead intoxicated group and in lead with turmeric group.
- Serum potassium and magnesium were significantly increased in lead intoxicated group and in lead with turmeric group. Also, serum chloride was nonsignificantly changed.
- Serum AST was significantly decreased in turmeric group ,lead intoxicated group and lead with turmeric . Meanwhile, serum ALT was nonsignificantly changed.
- Uric acid,urea and creatinine were significantly increased in lead intoxicated group and lead with turmeric group. While, uric acid was significantly increased in turmeric group.
- Serum IgG was significantly decreased in turmeric group , lead intoxicated group and in lead with turmeric group . Serum IgG values were significantly decreased in lead intoxicated group, hence this group possess the lowest values.The addition of turmeric to lead success to lesser extent in improvement of IgG values While, serum IgM was significantly increased in lead with turmeric group.
- Heamoglobin, RBCs and heamatocrite, was significantly decreased in lead intoxicated group and group given lead with turmeric.
- MCV and MCH were significantly increased in lead group. While, MCV was significantly decreased in lead with turmeric group.
- MCHC was significantly decreased in lead intoxicated group.
- Platelets count was significantly decreased in turmeric group. While , platelets count was significantly increased in lead with turmeric fed group . There was nonsignificant increase in platelets count in lead intoxicated group.
- WBCs count was significantly increased in lead intoxicated group.
- Basophils absolute value was significantly increased in turmeric group and also increased in lead intoxicated group. While, basophils absolute value was significantly decreased in lead with turmeric fed group.
- Eosinophils absolute value was significantly increased in turmeric group. Eosinophils absolute value was significantly decreased in lead intoxicated group also decreased in lead with turmeric group.
- Neutrophils and Monocytes absolute values were significantly decreased in turmeric group, lead intoxicated group and also in lead with turmeric group.
- Lymphocytes absolute value was significantly increased in turmeric group and in lead intoxicated group. While, lymphocytes absolute value was significantly decreased in lead with turmeric group.