الفهرس 
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Abstract
Agricultural wastes are generated in high amounts in Egypt; these products, such as rice straw, are not used economically. It can be used as adsorbent in aqueous solution to remove heavy metals and used as forage for ruminant. Adsorption experiments were carried out using rice straw to adsorb some heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn from aqueous solution. It was treated with two different methods acid treatment and alkali treatment in order to increase their metal-binding capacity and protein to use as forage for ruminant. The adsorption process is affected by various parameters such as contact time (30-120min), solution pH (2–10), and adsorbent amount (0.25-1.5 g). The equilibrium time was taken as 90 min for all elements, except Cu at 120 min. The optimum pH required for maximum adsorption was found to be 2 for Pb and 7 for other elements and for adsorbent amount was found 1g. All concentrations of heavy metals were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS). Also Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) in the range 4000–400 cm−1 was used to determine the percent of protein in raw rice straw and treated straw. Results indicated that rice straw treated with CaO appeared to be the most practical for use on adsorption heavy metals from aqueous solution. The modified rice straws could adsorb metal ions faster than unmodified. It was found that a combination of urea plus CaO was the most effective treatment for improving protein in rice straw.