الفهرس 
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Abstract
It is about sixty years since it was first suggested that the interaction of nucleons with nuclei could be represented by a complex potential, and since then it has been developed into a model of considerable power and generality. A wide range of scattering data can be accounted for by the model to a high degree of precision, and the corresponding wave functions are extensively used to extract information on nuclear structure from measurements of nuclear interaction cross sections The essential idea of the optical model is that a nucleon incident on the nucleus may be elastically scattered or it may cause a variety of different reactions. If the incident particle is represented by a wave, then in classical language it may be scattered or it may be absorbed. In optics this is analogous to the refraction and absorption of a light wave by a medium of complex refractive index, and just as the imaginary part of the refractive index takes account of the absorption of the light wave so in the nuclear case the imaginary part of the complex potential describing the interaction takes account of all the nonelastic reactions. This can be shown in the following treatment. Introduce the complex potential V=-(U+iW) in the Schrodinger’s equation.