الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of 144 donkeys slaughtered in Giza Zoo abattoir were examined at postmortem from January to December 2010. All donkeys were infested with one or more larval stages of Rhinoestrus spp. during all months of the examination period (100%).The 1st and 2nd stage larvae were mostly observed in the turbinates and seldom in nasal passages while the 3rd stage larvae were observed mostly in ethamoid, lamina cirbirosa and turbinate rarely in nasal passages and pharynx. The highest monthly intensity of infestation was recorded in January and August (158 larvae). There was no significant difference between the infestation of male and female donkeys. The different age groups of 1-4, 4-8 and 8- 10 years, also had no significant difference in their infestation with Rhinoestrus spp. A total of 107 donkeys had 1-10 larvae while 34 donkeys had 11- 30 larvae and 3 animals harbored 31-50 larvae. The morphology of 1st, 2nd, 3rd stage larvae and adult were fully described. Molecular analysis of 40 larvae revealed 99% homologous to Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus. Fractionation of the four Rhinoestrus spp. antigens (L1, L2, Salivary gland (SG) & Digestive tract content (DTC)) using SDS-PAGE and staining the produced gel using Coomassie-blue stain revealed 4,8,9 and 4 bands respectively. The fractionated protein bands were transferred into NC membranes. Longitudinal strips from each antigen (L1, L2, SG and DTC) were treated versus positive and negative sera aiming to identify the specific protein fractions. Specific bands are that reacted versus positive sera and didn’t react versus negative control one at the same time. The sensitivity of ELISA for diagnosis of Rhinoestrus spp. was examined by using salivary gland of 3rd stage larvae as an antigen. Serological examination of 144 donkeys infested with any of the 3 larval stages of Rhinoestrus spp. revealed that all animals were positive, indicating that sensitivity was 100%. Optical densities varied according to stage larvae and number of larvae infesting donkeys.