الفهرس 
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Abstract
It was reported that the anionic surfactants can be constructed by addition of alkylene diamine to fatty alkyl halides ( C8 - C18 ), and nonionic surfactants by addition of hydrophilic part (ethylene oxide) to hydrophobic part specially fatty alkyl chain containing active hydrogen in this thesis. These anionic and nonionic surfactants have many industrial applications.
Part I
Anionic surfactants were prepared by the reaction of fatty alkyl halides (C8 - C18; I - VI) with alkylene diamine (ethylene, butylene and hexylene; n = 2, 4 and 6; a, b and c) respectively to give N- alkyl alkylene diamine adducts. The later products were reacted with excess of chloroacetic acid, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide to give (VII – XII)a-c anionic surfactants. The surface properties (includes surface and interfacial tensions, foaming height, kraft points, emulsion stability and wetting time) and biodegradability were measured; the surface activity and biodegradability of the prepared anionic surfactants were investigated and evaluated. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated with different spectroscopy tools (IR and 1HNMR). The resultant data showed that these compounds have good surface activity and biodegradability.
Part II
Nonionic surfactants were prepared by the reaction of alkyl alkylene diamine triacetic acid (C8 - C18; XIII - XVIII)a-c where a-c = ethylene; butylenes and hexylene; 2, 4 and 6; a, b and c respectively) with ethylene oxide using potassium hydroxide as catalyst to give ethylene oxide adducts with 3, 5 and 7 moles (XIII - XVIII)a-c i-iii. The surface properties (includes surface and interfacial tensions, foaming height, cloud points, emulsion stability and wetting time) and biodegradability were measured. The surface activity of the prepared nonionic surfactants were investigated and evaluated. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated with different spectroscopy tools (IR and 1HNMR). The resultant data showed that these compounds posses good surface activity and biodegradability.