الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and Conclusion
The main findings can be summarized as following:
This study investigated the effect of aldose reductase enzyme on atherosclerosis associated with diabetes thought studying its effect on deteriorated vascular reactivity which considered as the first step of atherosclerosis.
Two animals models were used; diabetes and insulin resistance. diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg kg-1) while insulin resistance was induced by adding fructose (10%) to everyday drinking water and both models were associated with alterations in vascular reactivity.
In this work, we studied the effect of oral administration of aldose reductase inhibitors zopolrestat (25 mg kg-1) and ferulic acid (20mg kg-1) on the development of atherosclerosis and vascular complications in the two animal models. The study was extended to investigate the possible protective effect of cinnamaldehyde (20 mg kg-1), a natural ingredient with aldose reductase inhibiting activity, against the development of atherosclerosis and vascular complications.
At the end of treatment, the vascular functions were fully investigated. The non-invasive blood pressure (BP) was recorded to determine the systolic, diastolic and pulse BP. The contractile responses of aorta to PE and KCl, and the relaxation response to Ach were recorded via isolated artery technique. In addition, investigations of the present work were extended to estimate the effect on serum glucose, insulin, AGEs and TGs. The impaired endothelial function had been investigated by measuring the intracellular levels of ACh-induced NO, Ca2+ followed KCl stimulation and the basal levels of ROS by real time recording using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The structural changes associated with diabetes ware investigated by histopathological examination of aorta segments under light microscope.
To study the acute effect of aldose reductase inhibition on vascular reactivity, the aorta from each diabetic animal was incubated in an organ bath with the inhibitors using isolated artery technique.