الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the decrease in production and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, causing decreased systemic metabolism and producing a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms reflecting multiple organ dysfunction. The diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism is confirmed by the presence of elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and reduced thyroxine (T4) levels. Treatment for most cases of hypothyroidism entails administering exogenous synthetic T4 to correct the deficiency. Symptoms of hypothyroidism usually improve within 2 to 3 weeks of the start of treatment. If left untreated, hypothyroidism may cause serious complications, such as myxedema coma or mental retardation in infants with congenital hypothyroidism. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) represents one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation. The fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis begins to function by mid gestation and is mature in the term infant at delivery. If fetal hypothyroidism develops, untoward effects may be demonstrated in certain organ systems, including the central nervous system and skeleton. However, most infants with CH appear normal at birth. Recent data suggest that the hypothyroid fetus is protected to a certain extent by placental transfer of maternal thyroid hormone. The study was carried out to estimate the incidence of neonatal hypothyroidism in Monufiya governorate, asses the risk factors of neonatal hypothyroidism and evaluate the treatment regimen for neonatal hypothyroidism. Three districts were randomly selected (Shebin El-Kom, Menouf ,El-Bagour). Fifty one children of NH were taken from their records of health care centers and units. One hundred healthy controls were randomly selected from pediatric clinics of the general hospitals and health care centers and units of three districts. Data were collected through a pre- designed questionnaire including the personal data of child and parents, socioeconomic level, risk factor for neonatal hypothyroidism, clinical examination of child and follow up of treatment. Pairty of pregnancy was significantly as parity >3 higher among patients ( 13.73%)than controls (4.00%) . Regard to the causes of incubation, Jaundice was significantly higher among patients ( 9.8%)than controls (2.00%) as early signs of neonatal hypothyroidism . Regard to the Clinical examination, delayed dentition was significantly higher among patients (13.73%)than controls (2.00%) . This may be a complication of NH. Regard to the Clinical examination, pallor of skin was significantly higher among patients ( 21.57%)than controls (7.00%) . also this may be a complication of NH. Regard to the Clinical examination, CNS examination, co operative with others , interesting in surrounding there’s no significantly, patients as controls (0.00%) . Regard to Thyroid functions test as normal T4 of patient is (92.16 %) also normal Grade TSH (78.44%).Health insurance give follow up for patients ( 88.24%) . 100% of patient Continue treatment due to the sample is permanent neonatal hypothyroidism , all patient take treatment regular (100%) , also ( 9.80 % ) under investigation to discover cause.