الفهرس 
II. REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Thirty six heads of clinically normal adult sheep and dogs of both sexes (18 ofeach species) served as the subject of this study, we study the morphology of the tongue, arterial supply of the tongue and made anatomical references for the tongue by making computed tomography on injected tongue of sheep and dog.
For gross anatomical study of the tongue, the tongue of fresh sheep and dog were dissected carefully and varies gross morphological features and parameters were recorded for each animal separately and the different measurements of the tongue were carried. For examination of papillae of the tongue, the scanning electron microscopical examination was carried out on three tongues of sheep and dog.
The apex and root of tongue of dog is longer than that of sheep while body of tongue of sheep is longer than that of dog.
In sheep, the filiformpapillae of lingual body have no secondary papillae, the lenticular papillae were found on the torus linguae between the two rows of the vallate papillae. The origin of the lenticular papillae was surrounded by prominent papillary groove, the conical papillae were located on the torus linguae, but were condensed on its two lateral portions. The shafts of conical papillae were curved along their lenghths.The fungiform papillae were located on free edges of the tip and body of the tongue and few in the rostral part of the torus linguae.Thevallate papillae were eighteen to twenty four in number and arranged into two rows on each side of the caudal part of the torus linguae in front of the palatoglossalarch.They were surrounded by gustatory grooves separate the papillae from the surroundings.
In addition to the presence of the conical, lenticular and vallate papillae in the torus linguae of tongue of sheep, few filiform and fungiform papillae could be observed in this area.This is attributed to the role which is played by the torus linguae during mastication and swallowing of food.
whilein dog, the filiform papillae of lingual bodyconsist of main primary papillae and some secondary papillae, the fungiform papillae were numerous at the tip and along the lateral surfaces of the tongue,and few may be located caudal to vallatepapillae. Thevallate papillae were two or three papillae arranged on either side along the median groove on the root of the tongue, and three papillae were most frequently found in the left side.
To Study the intra-lingual distribution of lingual artery, several procedures were used after animal preparation, using tranquilizers and sedatives before exsanguination. Once the heads were removed and the arterial tree was flushed, several methods were used as latex injection, radiograph, Visualization of microvasculature of lingual mucosa.
The tongue of sheep received its arterial supply mainly through the lingual artery and its terminal branches. The root was supplied by the muscular and perihyoid branches from the lingual artery. The lingual body was supplied by branches originating from thesublingual and deep lingual arteries. The apex of tongue received blood from the deep lingual artery. While in dog, the root was supplied directly from the lingual artery and the lingual body and apex were supplied by branches originating from deep lingual arteries. The sublingual artery was not major arterial supply for the tongue, but it partially supplied the extrinsic muscle of the tongue.
We made anatomical reference for the injected tongue of sheep and dog and we explain lingual artery and lingual structure in every section.
The results obtained in the present study were discussed and compared with those of several authors having performed earlier studies in sheep, dogs, small ruminants and other domestic animals.