الفهرس 
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Abstract
Preparation of virus purified suspension was carried out using
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), ammonium
sulphate and ultra centrifugation for tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) and PEG
and ultracentrifugation for potato virus X (PYX). Purified virus
suspensions obtained indicated a good virus concentrations as determined
biologically (infectivity assay) and spectrophotometrically. Electron
microscopic examination of the purified suspensions was carried out using
negative staining technique with uranyl acetate. Production of specific
antisera for TMV, TNV and PVX was preformed using rabbits
immunization with total amounts injected; 12.87 mg ofTMV, 7.874 mg of
TNV and 8.922 mg of PYX. The titer of the prepared antisera was
determined using tube precipitin test . The lowest amount of purified virus
suspension needed for the production of virus specific antiserum with
adequate titer was determined. The suitability, efficiency and sensitivity of
different eight serological tests {Indirect-ELISA, indirect-DAS-ELISA,
dot-ELISA, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, tube precipitin, Ouchterlony
double dif!Usion, single radial immunodiffusion and immunoelectron
microscopy) for assay, detection and diagnosis of the three viruses were dctcnnincd. Indirect-ELISA procedures were l!mnd to be much bcllcr
suited for diagnostic work because of its high sensitivity. Immunoelectron
micmscopy was rapid and very sensitive for virus detection and diagnosis
involving two properties (virus morphology and serological specificity).
The concentration ofTMV, TNV and PVX infected sap was determined
using single radial inununodiffusion and rocket inununoelectrophoresis. The
present results clearly indicated that both Ouchterlony and radial
immunodiffusion were cost-effective but less sensitive compared to the
other methods. Tube precipitin test proved to be efficient for the
determination of antiserum titer and virus antigen end-point