الفهرس 
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Abstract
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Abstract
The thesis aims to prepare new metal complexes mixed ligands for fluoroquinolones family.
We make a study of two types of fluoroquinolones (Moxifloxacin and Pefloxacin) and their
interaction with heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atom such as (Imidazole and
Benzimidazole) and then synthesis metal complexes to it. The metal complexes prepared and
diagnosis for (Moxifloxacin - Imidazole), (Moxifloxacin - Benzimidazole), (Pefloxacin -
Imidazole) and (Pefloxacin - Benzimidazole) with some transition metals.
After that, identify the geometry structures for resultant complexes which formed from the
interaction of mixed ligand with some transition metals such as chromium, manganese, cobalt,
nickel, copper, zinc and silver. It is by conducting numerous studies of spectral and thermal
analysis as well as studies of the biological activity of these complexes.
The thesis is divided into three chapters:
Chapter I: Introduction which includes published researches about the importance of
fluoroquinolones in general over the past ten years past, and even in 2013, and their use in many
medical and therapeutic fields as well as general methods to prepare some fluoroquinolone
complexes where theoretical and biological studies were explained. Also the behaviors of these
derivatives with many ions of transition metals, geometrical structural and modern diverse
applications were studied.
Chapter II : The practical part which contains the preparing methods of new metallic mixed
ligand complexes of both (Moxifloxacin with Imidazole), (Moxifloxacin with Benzimidazole),
(Pefloxacin with Imidazole) and (Pefloxacin with Benzimidazole) by their interaction with
chlorides of some transition metals such as chromium , manganese, cobalt, nickel , copper, zinc
and silver in the form of nitrate .
- The metal complexes such as [M (MOX) (HIm) ClX]. nH2O, [M (MOX) (Ben) ClX]. nH2O, [M
(PEF) (HIm) ClX]. nH2O, [M (PEF) (Ben) ClX]. nH2O , where MOX = Moxifloxacin, PEF =
Pefloxacin, HIm = Imidazole, Ben = Benzimidazole, M= Cr (III), Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu
(II), Zn (II), Ag (I).
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- These complexes prepared and characterized by using microanalysis of the elements and
modern spectral devices such as; Infrared spectrophotometer, Conductivity measurements,
Ultraviolet, Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, Electron spin resonance for copper
complexes, Magnetic Susceptibility, Nuclear magnetic resonance (H1 and C13) for some
complexes and Thermal analysis measurements of the mixed ligand complexes, in addition to
biological studies against two types of bacteria (Escherichia coli, S. aureus) and two types of
fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans).
Chapter III: Results and discussions where this chapter contains the results are arranged in
tables and illustrations of the results of the spectral and thermal analyses. The propose chemical
structure of these new complexes on the basis of the results of Infrared spectrophotometer,
Conductivity measurements, Ultraviolet, Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, Electron spin
resonance for copper complexes, Magnetic Susceptibility, Nuclear magnetic resonance (H1 and
C13) for some complexes and then the activation energy (:Ea*), the entropy of activation (:S*),
the change in enthalpy (:H*) and the order of reaction are derived from differential thermal
analysis curves by using Horowitz-Metzeger method, this chapter is divided into two parts :
Part I: include the new complexes of chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and
silver metal ions with mixed ligand for each of (Moxifloxacin with Imidazole) and
(Moxifloxacin with Benzimidazole), after that, the chemical structures of these new complexes
were proven by using the derived results from all the previous measurements.
The results showed the following:
- The chromium , manganese, cobalt , nickel, copper, zinc and silver complexes were separated
during the interaction by 1: 1:1 molar ratio for each of the metal ions with one molecule of
Moxifloxacin and one molecule of Imidazole and visualizing for binding Moxifloxacin with
metal ions where Moxifloxacin act as a bidentate ligand via oxygen atom for pyridone ring and
one of the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group except for silver (I) complex where only the
coordination of the N- atom of the piperidyl ring, On the other hand, Imidazole molecule
connected with metal ions through nitrogen atom in the Azo-methene group complement
hexagonal or tetragonal with molecules of chlorine or water. The chemical formulas of the new
complexes are as follows:
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[Cr(MOX)(HIm)Cl2(H2O)], [Mn(MOX)(HIm)Cl].2H2O, [Co(MOX)(HIm)Cl].H2O,
[Ni(MOX)(HIm)Cl].H2O, [Cu(MOX)(HIm)Cl(H2O)]2.2H2O, [Zn(MOX)(HIm)Cl(H2O)2],
[Ag(MOX)(HIm)].2.5H2O
- Also, the chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and silver complexes were
separated during the interaction by 1: 1:1 molar ratio for each of the metal ions with one
molecule of Moxifloxacin and one molecule of Benzimidazole. The chemical formulas of the
new complexes are as follows:
[Cr(MOX)(Ben)Cl2(H2O)], [Mn(MOX)(Ben)Cl].H2O, [Co(MOX) (Ben)Cl]. 1.5H2O, [Ni(MOX)
(Ben)Cl].2H2O, [Cu(MOX)(Ben)Cl(H2O)2].0.5H2O, [Zn(MOX)(Ben)Cl(H2O)2].H2O,
[Ag(MOX)(Ben)].3.5H2O
Part II: include the new complexes of chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and
silver metal ions with mixed ligand for each of (Pefloxacin with Imidazole) and (Pefloxacin
with Benzimidazole). This part also includes the results which are arranged in tables and
illustrations of the results of the spectral and thermal analyses. And then, the chemical structures
of these new complexes were proven by using the derived results from all the previous
measurements.
The results showed the following:
- The chromium , manganese, cobalt , nickel, copper, zinc and silver complexes were separated
during the interaction by 1: 1:1 molar ratio for each of the metal ions with one molecule of
Pefloxacin and one molecule of Imidazole and visualizing for binding Pefloxacin with metal
ions where Pefloxacin act as a bidentate ligand via oxygen atom for pyridone ring and one of the
oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group except for silver (I) complex where only the coordination
of the N- atom of the piperidyl ring, On the other hand, Imidazole molecule connected with
metal ions through nitrogen atom in the Azo-methene group complement hexagonal or tetragonal
with molecules of chlorine or water. The chemical formulas of the new complexes are as
follows:
[Cr(PEF)(HIm)Cl2(H2O)], [Mn(PEF)(HIm)Cl], [Co(PEF)(HIm)Cl(H2O)2],
[Ni(PEF)(HIm)Cl].H2O, [Cu(PEF)(HIm)Cl].2.5H2O, [Zn(PEF)(HIm)Cl(H2O)2],
[Ag(PEF)(HIm)].2H2O
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- Also, the chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and silver complexes were
separated during the interaction by 1: 1:1 molar ratio for each of the metal ions with one
molecule of Pefloxacin and one molecule of Benzimidazole. The chemical formulas of the new
complexes are as follows:
[Cr(PEF)(Ben)Cl2(H2O)].H2O, [Mn(PEF)(Ben)Cl(H2O)2], [Co(PEF)(Ben)Cl(H2O)2].H2O,
[Ni(PEF)(Ben)Cl], [Cu(PEF)(Ben)Cl].0.75H2O, [Zn(PEF)(Ben)Cl(H2O)2].0.25H2O,
[Ag(PEF)(Ben)].H2O
-The new prepared complexes were evaluated In terms of the bacterial activity against two types
of bacteria which are Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (S. Aureus) and in
terms of screening activity against two types of fungi, namely (Aspergillus flavus and Candida
albicans).
-It was found that mixed ligand complexes under investigation have antibacterial agents better
than organic compounds (Moxifloxacin and Pefloxacin) alone and its activity against fungi also
improved, this proved by using the penetrating cell walls theory. The comparison between the
new prepared complexes in terms of biological activity showed that the biological activity
depends on the structure of compound and the type branching group from it.