الفهرس 
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Abstract
The successful identification of the deceased is vital to the progress of any forensic investigation. One of the principal biological traits to be established from skeletal remains is the sex of the individual. This becomes more difficult if only parts of a skeleton are found or if the bones are compromised by physical insults such as fire, explosions or violence.
The basal region of the occipital bone is covered by a large volume of soft tissue and is therefore in a relatively well-protected anatomical position, and as such, classification of sex using the occipital bone may prove useful in cases of significantly disrupted remains. The 12th thoracic vertebra is easily identifiable in a disarticulated skeleton as a result of its unique morphology.
The aim of this study was to determine the presence and degree of sexual dimorphism in the foramen magnum and 12th thoracic vertebra and to assess reliability of measurements of the foramen magnum and 12th thoracic vertebra to discern their potential for use in the estimation of sex of unknown individuals among Egyptian population. The study was done from 15 May 2012 to 11 December 2013.
The study was conducted on 400 subjects classified into four groups, the first group included 100 persons to study measurements of foramen magnum (skull) by 3D MDCT and the second group included 100 dried skulls for measuring foramen magnum manually. The third one studied another 100 persons to measure 12th thoracic vertebra by 3D MDCT, and finally the fourth group included 100 dried 12th thoracic vertebrae measured manually.
The studied MDCT images had belonged to patients who had CT for several reasons in the Radiology Departments of Minia University hospital and Al-Azhar university hospital (Cairo & Assuit branches). The bones were collected from anatomy departments of different faculties of medicine in Al-Azhar University (Cairo & Assuit branches), Assuit University and Minia University. The age of studied individuals ranges from 18- 83 years old.