الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of immediate loading on the supporting structures of dental implants supporting mandibular overdentures. A comparison was also done to compare the effect of immediate and delayed loading protocols on the supporting structures surrounding these implants. Five patients were selected from the out patient clinic of the Prosthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Menia University. All patients were completely edentulous were free from any systemic disease that may interfere with the implant osseointegration. After construction of complete dentures, the patients received fifteen successful implants at the canine region bilaterally and at the left or right central incisor region of completely edentulous mandible. The fifteen inserted implants were divided according to loading protocols into two types:
Type A: immediate loading for the two implants, inserted at the canine region, after two weeks of surgery. The abutments were screwed to the fixture and prepared to acquire a dome shape and the denture was modified to fit over the prepared abutments.
TypeB: delayed loading for the middle implant after three months. The third abutments was also screwed to the fixture and prepared in the same way as the other two abutments and the denture was then modified to fit over the prepared three abutments, The patients were followed up clinically and radiographically after denture delivery at the time of loading, 6 and 12 months in each type of loading. Clinical evaluation was made using the gingival index scores. Radiographic evaluation was made using cone beam CT machine utilizing special software to measure the marginal bone height and bone density around implants. The results of the study showed there was no statistically significant difference in the gingival index, marginal bone loss and bone density between immediately and conventionally loaded implants.