الفهرس 
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Abstract
The objective of this essay was to review management of traumatic knee dislocation and its associated complications. Dislocation of the knee is a major injury that, involves rupture of at least two of the four major knee ligaments. A dislocation should be suspected in a knee with gross instability of two or more ligaments after trauma, despite a reduced joint on radiographs. In addition to disruption of the cruciate and collateral ligaments, a knee dislocation can damage other structures within or about the knee, including the menisci, articular cartilage, extensor mechanism, muscles, tendons, bone, and proximal neurovascular structures. Injury to the popliteal artery is the most serious potential complication associated with knee dislocations. For knee dislocation, several classification systems exist including those based on energy level, position, anatomy, and timing. Initial emphasis must be placed on the neurovascular aspects. Physical examination of pulses alone is not sensitive enough to identify severe arterial injuries because of collateral circulation, but ABI testing is a reliable test to evaluate for arterial injuries. There are three absolute indications for emergent surgical intervention for the dislocated knee. These are injury to the popliteal artery, an open dislocation, and an irreducible dislocation. Current treatment recommendations focus on early reconstruction of the cruciate ligaments combined with repair or reconstruction of the collateral structures, followed by aggressive rehabilitation within 10 to 14 days. 5Recently many surgeons believe that concomitant reconstruction of the ACL and PCL, with repair or reconstruction of the collaterals, can be done in the acute setting without increasing the risk of late arthrofibrosis. This single-stage procedure eliminates the morbidity of a second surgical procedure. In most cases, the preferred treatment of knee dislocations under ideal circumstances consists of arthroscopic ACL and PCL reconstruction, with open reconstruction for the LCL/ PLC and/or the MCL/PMC. The use of allograft over autograft in multiple-ligament reconstruction surgery is recommended. Complications associated with treatment are categorized into general (neurovascular injury – compartment syndrome – wound problems) and knee specific-complications (Arthrofibrosis – Recurrent or Persistent Ligamentous Laxity – Anterior knee pain - Medial femoral condyle osteonecrosis – Heterotopic ossification). The major potential complication that may result from surgical repair/ reconstruction of dislocated knee is stiffness. This may range from mild limitation of motion to severe arthrofibrosis.
Keywords: Knee joint – Dislocation – Multiligamanteous – Cruciates – Colaterals – ACL – PCL – MCL – LCL – Knee Stiffness.