الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present investigation was conducted at Ismailia Agricultural Research
Station during 2010 / 2011 season to study the effect of synthetic polymer
hydrogel at 100, 75 and 50% available soil water (ASW) as well as two sources
of N, P and K fertilizers on the growth factor of yield component, yield and
some water relation of wheat crop under sprinkler irrigation in sandy soil .The
investigation used traditional fertilizer (ammonium sulfate 20.6 % N + Super
phosphate 15 % p2o5+ potassium sulfate 50%), untraditional fertilizer (urea
formaldehyde 40% N + phosphoric acid 60 % P2O5 + humate potassium 10%
K2O) and (50% traditional fertilizer + 50% untraditional fertilizer) The wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) variety which was used i.e, Giza 168. The experiment
design was split- split plot design, with three replication, which irrigation
regimes were allocated to the main plots, synthetic polymer hydrogel as with
and without occupied the sub plot and the fertilizer of the sub- sub plot. The
obtained results are summarized as follow:
A-Growth characters
Plant height
Data revealed the difference between the with or without synthetic polymer
hydrogel, the first treatment was being higher for plant height than without one.
Concerning to the effect of irrigation water regime on plant height, results
indicated that a significant effect of plant height under irrigation water regimes
followed that descending order : 100>75>50% ASW, respectively. As far as a
comparison between the responses to fertilizers used as traditional with those of
untraditional ones indicated the latter to be less better than other forms .
Irrigation of water regime at 100% ASW, with polymer and traditional
fertilizers had significant effect on plant height.
Number of spikes
Data revealed difference between the without or with synthetic polymer
hydrogel, the latter was being higher for number of spikes than without one.
Concerning to the effect of irrigation water regime on number of spikes, results
indicate that a significant effect of number of spikes under irrigation water
regimes followed that descending order : 100> 75> 50% ASW, respectively. As
far as a comparison between the traditional fertilizers, the untraditional
fertilizers and (50% traditional fertilizer + 50% untraditional fertilizer) indicated
that traditional fertilizer was being better than other forms. Results showed that
irrigation regime at 100% ASW, with hydrogel and traditional fertilizers gave
the maximum value. The medium effect was given by 75% ASW with hydrogel
and 50% (traditional fertilizers + untraditional fertilizers). The lowest effect was
given by 50% ASW without hydrogel and with untraditional fertilizers.
1000-grain weight
Data revealed difference between the without or with synthetic polymer
hydrogel, the latter was being higher for 1000- grain weight than without one.
Concerning to the effect of irrigation water regime on 1000-grain weight, results
indicated that a significant effect of 1000- grain weight under irrigation water
regimes followed that descending order : 100> 75> 50%ASW, respectively. As
far as a comparison between the traditional fertilizers, the untraditional
fertilizers and (50% traditional fertilizer + 50% untraditional fertilizer) indicated
that traditional fertilizer was being better than other form.
The results revealed significant differences between treatments. Results
showed that 100 % ASW, with hydrogel and traditional fertilizers significantly
increased these characters, while 50% ASW without hydrogel and untraditional
fertilizers significantly decreased these characters. The medium effect was given
by 75% ASW with hydrogel and with (50% traditional fertilizers+ 50%
untraditional fertilizers).
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B- Yields
1- Biological yields
Data revealed difference between the without or with synthetic polymer
hydrogel, the latter was being higher for biological yield than without one.
Concerning to the effect of irrigation water regime on biological yield, results
indicated that a significant effect of biological yield under irrigation water
regimes the followed that descending order : 100> 75> 50% ASW, respectively.
Results indicated that the effect of irrigation regimes at 100% ASW, with
hydrogel and traditional fertilizers on biological yield was given the highest
value / fed (4410 Kg). Irrigation regimes at 75% ASW with hydrogel and 50%
(traditional + untraditional fertilizers) gave the medium value (4080 Kg fed-1).
Irrigation regimes at 50% ASW without hydrogel and untraditional fertilizers
gave the lowest value/fed (2470 Kg fed-1).
2- Grain yield
Data revealed difference between the without or with synthetic polymer
hydrogel, the latter was being higher for grain yield than without one.
Concerning to the effect of irrigation water regime on grain yield, results
indicated that a significant effect of grain yield under irrigation water regimes
followed that descending order : 100> 75> 50% ASW , respectively . As far as a
comparison between the traditional fertilizers, the untraditional fertilizers and
(50% traditional fertilizer + 50% untraditional fertilizer) indicated that
traditional fertilizer was being better than other form
Results clearly showed that irrigation regimes at 100% ASW with hydrogel
and traditional fertilizers gave the highest value followed by irrigation regimes
75% ASW with hydrogel and (50% traditional + 50% untraditional fertilizers),
while the lowest value was given from 50% ASW without hydrogel and
untraditional fertilizers.
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3-Straw yield
Data revealed difference between the without or with synthetic polymer
hydrogel, the latter was being higher for straw yield than without one.
Concerning to the effect of irrigation water regime on straw yield, results
indicated that a significant effect of straw yield at irrigation water regimes
followed that descending order : 100> 75> 50% ASW, respectively. As far as a
comparison between the traditional fertilizers, the untraditional fertilizers and
(50% traditional fertilizer + 50% untraditional fertilizer) indicated that
traditional fertilizer was being better than other form. The wet treatment
(100%) ASW produced the highest value with hydrogel and traditional
fertilizers from straw yield/fed and was given the same previous results.
4-Harvest index
The results indicated that irrigation regimes at 100% ASW without hydrogel
and with untraditional fertilizers was significantly effected the harvest index,
comparing with the applied hydrogel, the irrigation water regimes at 50% ASW
and the traditional fertilizers.
C- Chemical composition
Data revealed difference between the without or with synthetic polymer
hydrogel, the latter was being higher for grain and straw (N, P and K content)
than without one. Concerning to the effect of irrigation water regime on grain
and straw (N, P and K content), results indicated that a significantly effect of
grain and straw (N,P and K content) under irrigation water regimes followed
that descending order : 100> 75> 50% ASW, respectively. As far as a
comparison between the traditional fertilizers, the untraditional fertilizers and
(50% traditional fertilizer + 50% untraditional fertilizer) indicated that
traditional fertilizer was being better than other form.
The effect of applied synthetic polymer hydrogel on grain and straw (N, P
and K content) were significantly obtained the highest values. Irrigation regime
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with 100% available soil water and treatment with traditional fertilizers gave the
highest values from N, P and K content, followed by irrigation regimes with
75% available soil water, then the lowest values was obtained from without
applied polymer and irrigation water regimes with 50% available soil water .
Data revealed difference between the without or with synthetic polymer
hydrogel, the latter was being higher for grain and straw (N, P and K uptake
kg/fed) than without one. Concerning to the effect of irrigation water regime on
grain and straw (N, P and K uptake kg/fed). Results indicated that a significantly
effect of grain and straw N, P and K uptake (kg/fed) under irrigation water
regimes followed that descending order : 100> 75> 50% ASW , respectively. As
far as a comparison between the traditional fertilizers, the untraditional
fertilizers and (50% traditional fertilizer + 50% untraditional fertilizer) indicated
that traditional fertilizer was being better than other form. Effect of applied
organic polymer on grain and straw (N, P and K uptake kg/fed) were
significantly obtained the highest values. Irrigation regime with 100% available
soil water gave the highest values from N, P and K uptake, followed by
irrigation regimes with 75% available soil water and treatment with traditional
fertilizers, then the lowest values was obtained from without applied organic
polymer, irrigation water regimes with 50% available soil water, and treatment
with untraditional fertilizers.
D-Water Relation:
Soil moisture level had a significant effect on water consumptive use. The
wet treatment which was irrigated after the water regime of 100% ASW,
consumed much more water, followed by the medium level (75%), and the
lowest value of water consumption was found to be from the dry level (50%)
water consumption.
The interaction effect between the with organic polymer, water regime 100%
ASW and traditional fertilizers was significant. The results showed that the
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highest protein and carbohydrate percentage were obtained by the treatment
with organic polymer (hydrogel), 100% ASW and traditional fertilizers.
The experimental obtained data recommended that irrigation wheat plant by
100% available soil water under sprinkler irrigation system when water is
available but when the water shortage irrigated with 50% available soil water ,
soil conditioners (hydrogel) and traditional fertilizers treatment in the sandy soil
E-Fertilizer Use Efficiency:
Soil moisture level had a positive effect on Fertilizer Use Efficiency. The wet
treatment which was irrigated after the water regime of 100% ASW, consumed
much more water, followed by the medium level (75%), and the lowest value of
Fertilizer Use Efficiency was found to be from the dry level (50%) water
consumption.
Data revealed difference between the without or with synthetic polymer
hydrogel,
the latter was being higher for Fertilizer Use Efficiency than without one, and
the traditional fertilizers was being better than other form , the lowest value of
Fertilizer Use Efficiency was found to be from treatment with untraditional
fertilizers.