الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the past decade, improved understanding of the
haemodynarnic and mechanical mechanisms of myocardial
contraction and cardiac performance has contributed
to the better care of patients who have heart disease and
circulatory derangements. Also advances in engineering
and electronic technology have contributed to the development
of methods routinely employed for monitoring cardiovascular
function in severely ill cardiac patients. These
methods have found widespread clinical application as
they provide more reliable measurement than do clinical
impressions (Lappas et al., 1977).
Cardiac dysfunction occurring in the perioperative
period requlros prompt diagnosis and intervention. Selection
of the appropriate treatment depends on an understanding
of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved, identification
of the cause of.inadequate peripheral perfusion,and correction
of extracardiac factors that may be contributing to low cardiac
output (Lappas et al.,l977).